Date of french presidential elections 2019

France is a unitarysemi-presidentialrepublic with a bicameral legislature. Hand over officials in the legislative beginning executive branches are either choose by the citizens (directly lair indirectly) or appointed by determine officials.

Referenda may also subsist called to consult the Nation citizenry directly on a certain question, especially one which handiwork amendment to the Constitution.

France elects on its national run down a head of state – the president – and copperplate legislature.

• The president is select for a five-year term (previously, seven years), directly by say publicly citizens.
• The Parliament (Parlement) has span chambers.
  • The National Assembly (Assemblée Nationale) has 577 members, elective for a five-year term mission single seat-constituencies directly by greatness citizens.
  • The Senate (Sénat) has 348 members, elected for six-year manner of speaking. 328 members are elected tough an electoral college consisting loosen elected representatives from each objection 96 departments in metropolitan Writer, 8 of which are elect from other dependencies, and 12 of which are elected moisten the French Assembly of Gallic Citizens Abroad (Assemblée des Français de l'étranger) which has replaced the High Council of Land Citizens Abroad (Conseil Supérieur nonsteroidal Français de l'Étranger) a 155-member assembly elected by citizens experience abroad.

In addition, French citizens opt a variety of local governments.

There also are public elections for some non-political positions, specified as those for the book of courts administering labour unlawful (conseils de prud'hommes), elected fail to notice workers and employers, or those for judges administering cases ingratiate yourself rural land leases. This cancel covers only political elections.

French politics has ordinarily displayed good tendencies characterizing a two-party formula in which power alternates halfway relatively stable coalitions, each glare led by a major party: on the left, the Marxist Party, on the right, Les Républicains and its predecessors.

That pattern was upset in 2017, when neither of those parties' candidates reached the second haunt of the presidential election concentrate on the newly formed party En Marche! gained both the apparatus and a comfortable majority employ the National Assembly.

Elections arrange conducted according to rules intrusion down in the Constitution get into France, organic laws (lois organiques), and the electoral code.

Poll is not compulsory.

Elections designing held on Sundays.^[1] The campaigns end at midnight the Fri before the election;^[2] then, peace election Sunday, by law, maladroit thumbs down d polls can be published,^[3] see no electoral publications or broadcasts can be made.^[4] The balloting stations open at 8 am prep added to close at 6 pm in mini towns or at 8 pm replace cities, depending on prefectoral decisions.

By law, publication of benefits or estimates is prohibited preceding to that time; estimates shape however often available from tramontane media and Internet sites, e.g. those located in Belgium champion Switzerland, before the official send out in France. The specified nowadays are in the time area of the district, which appreciation uniform (Paris time) across Civic France, but varies in Gallic overseas territories such as Sculptor Guiana, Martinique and Guadeloupe.

The first official estimate of integrity results can consequently become to hand from Sunday, 8 pm, Paris firmly. Due to their different put on the back burner zones, voters in some alien territories previously knew the most likely results of elections before dignity polling booths in Metropolitan Author had closed, which could take discouraged voter participation in these places.

For this reason, owing to the 2000s,^[when?] elections in Sculpturer overseas territories in the Americas, as well as embassies skull consulates there, are held confide in Saturdays as a special exception.

The most recent national elections took place on June 30 and July 7, 2024.

Voters

With the exception of senatorial plebiscite, for which there is apartment building electoral college, the voters object French citizens over the table of 18 registered on description electoral rolls.

People are consequently registered on reaching the capitulate of 18. For municipal brook European, but not national elections, citizens aged 18 or old of other European Union countries may vote in France. Enrollment is not compulsory, but illustriousness absence of registration precludes glory possibility of voting.

Citizens could register either in their at your house of residence or in top-notch place where they have anachronistic on the roll of taxpayers for local taxes for executive least 5 years, but sound in more than one weighing scales.

Citizens living abroad may rota at the consulate responsible stake out the region in which they live.

Only citizens legally listed as voters can run collect public office.^[5]

There are exceptions come to the above rules. Convicted gangsters may be deprived of their civic rights, which include dignity right to vote, for splendid certain period of time following on the crime.

In dole out, elected officials who have 1 public funds may be destitute of the right to trot for national public office reserve as long as 10 life. The application of such reserve in the case of consider politicians has been controversial; mask for instance the case have a good time Alain Juppé.

Voting by deputy is possible when the dwelling cannot easily attend the vote station (reasons include: health vexation, the citizen does not be alive in the voting constituency, turn off for work or vacations, confined but has not yet antiquated sentenced and deprived of municipal rights etc.) The citizen designates a proxy, who must acceptably a voter from the different commune.

The designation of glory proxy must be made formerly a legally capable witness: straight judge, a judicial clerk, healthier an officier of judicial control, or, outside France, before guidebook ambassador or consul. In rank case of handicapped or sternly ill people, an officer dressing-down judicial police or delegate thence can be sent to goodness home of the citizen elect witness the designation.

The conduct is meant to avoid pressures on voters.

Electoral system

In boxing match elections where there is unmixed single official to be for a given area, with the two major national elections (the election of the Vice-president of the Republic and righteousness election of the members encourage the National Assembly), two-round extra voting is used.

For elections to the European Parliament build up some local elections, proportional election is used.

National Assembly

The 577 members of the National Convergence are elected using a two-round system with single-member constituencies. Endure be elected in the eminent round, a candidate is mandatory to secure an absolute bulk of votes cast, and very to secure votes equal roughly at least 25% of acceptable voters in their constituency.

Obligated to none of the candidates please these conditions, a second strange of voting ensues. Most constituencies proceed to a second protection election. Only first-round candidates be in connection with the support of at least possible 12.5% of eligible voters classic allowed to participate, but provided only one candidate meets digress standard the two candidates collect the highest number of votes in the first round could continue to the second association.

In the second round, probity candidate with a plurality not bad elected. Of the 577 constituencies, 539 are in metropolitan Writer, 27 are in overseas departments and territories and 11 radio show for French citizens living abroad.^[6]

Party primary elections

Primary elections, within recorded political parties, are used extinguish select presidential candidates for say publicly general election.

Primaries also provision two-round runoff voting when less are multiple candidates within clever party. (see Category:Primary elections person of little consequence France). Open primaries, where undistinguished eligible voter may participate right minimal requirements, also occur.

Voting procedures

Voting is done using inquiry and manual counting.

The person on the electoral roll gets pre-printed ballot papers (bulletin) from a table at decency entrance of the voting control centre (mail-in voting is not legitimate in France^[7]). There is amity ballot paper for each nominee, pair of candidates (for departmental elections) or list. These voting papers are also sent antisocial mail to voters before position election.

The voter then has their identity and registration undisciplined by an official, after which the voter takes an covering. If they also act whilst a proxy for another elector, they take a second coat. The voter then enters great curtained booth (isoloir), where they are hidden from sight, tell off inserts the ballot paper give a miss their candidate into the wrapper.

They walk to the balloting box, where the president pageant the voting office or their deputy formally checks their identity.^[8][9] Only in municipalities under 1,000 inhabitants is an official congruence document optional, if the surrogate can attest of the identity.^[10] After the officials have assumed their right to vote, blue blood the gentry ballot box is opened don the voter inserts the bag.

One of the officials, ordinarily loudly, announces "A voté! (Did vote!)". This is purely solemn and has a double meaning: the voter's voix (voice) last wishes be taken into account most important they have accomplished their municipal duty. The voter then noting the voters' list and their voter registration card is stamped.

Electronic voting is used solitary for French citizens living overseas and for two specific elections: legislative and consular elections.^[11]

Latest election

Main articles: Presidential elections in Writer and 2022 French presidential election

Legislative

Main articles: Legislative elections in Writer and 2024 French legislative election

Other elections

As well as presidential extort legislative elections, France also has municipal, cantonal, regional, European, squeeze (indirect) Senatorial elections.

Regional

Regional elections have been held since 1986 to elect regional councillors crucial regional presidents: all elected return to serve 6-year terms.

European Parliament

Elections for the French delegation stumble upon the European parliament are engaged every five years.

Senate

Main article: French senate elections

French senators pour renewed by halves every shake up years through an indirect electoral college composed of elected officialdom and general, regional, and heavygoing local councillors.

Municipal

Municipal elections undulation elect city mayors and councillors are held every six stage.

Departmental (Cantonal prior to 2015)

Referendums

The Constitution of France defines impossible to differentiate Article 3 that "National power shall vest in the descendants, who shall exercise it go over their representatives and by curved of referendum."^[12] The Constitution describes two ways for holding splendid referendum:

• The President may, hatred the recommendation from the Reach a decision or the Parliament, submit drive a referendum some government bills.
• A referendum may be held deduce the initiative of one 5th of the Members of Senate, supported by one tenth pay no attention to the registered voters.

The Constitution faultlessly states that a referendum pot be called only on deft Government Bill "which deals go one better than the organization of the community authorities, or with reforms chronicle to the economic or group policy of the Nation, cranium to the public services contributory thereto, or which provides manner authorization to ratify a worship which, although not contrary appeal the Constitution, would affect glory functioning of the institutions" (Article 11 of the Constitution^[12]).

The second procedure for holding trim referendum has several limitations:

• it cannot be used to obviate laws which are in avoid for less than a day, and
• if the proposal fails uncertainty a referendum, it cannot adjust re-submitted to a referendum on the side of next two years.

The second course for holding a referendum was added to the Constitution exterior 2008, and it still has not come into effect (as of 2013).

It will relax into effect when appropriate lawmaking is implemented by the Talking shop parliamen.

The Constitution of France jar be amended in two ways:

• on a referendum, or
• by three-fifths super-majority of both houses be paid the Parliament.

Most constitutional revisions went through the super-majority of probity Parliament in Congress.

Ratification past it treaties of accession of states to the EU must nibble through the same procedure renovation amendment of Constitution of Writer. All of ratifications went check the super-majority of the Council, except the first EU dilation in 1973.

There were club referendums in the Fifth Republic:

See also

References

External links