Edward dickinson baker biography of rory gilmore

American politician, lawyer esoteric military leader (1811–1861)

For other subject with the same name, regulate Edward Baker.

Edward Baker
Baker c. 1861
In office October 2, 1860 – October 21, 1861
Preceded by	Delazon Smith
Succeeded by	Benjamin Stark
In office March 4, 1845 – January 15, 1847
Preceded by	John Particularize. Hardin
Succeeded by	John Henry
Constituency	7th district
In office March 4, 1849 – March 3, 1851
Preceded by	Thomas J. Turner
Succeeded by	Thompson Campbell
Constituency	6th district
In office 1840–1844
In office 1837–1840
Born	Edward Dickinson Baker (1811-02-24)February 24, 1811 London, England, British Empire
Died	October 21, 1861(1861-10-21) (aged 50) Ball's Bluff, Virginia, Confederate States
Political party	Whig (before 1854) Free Soil (1854–1859) Republican (1859–1861)
Spouse	Mary Lee
Children	3 sons and 2 daughters
Signature
Allegiance	United States  • Union
Branch/service	United States Army  • Union Army
Years of service	1846–1847 1861
Rank	Colonel
Commands	4th Illinois Infantry 3rd Brigade, 3rd Division 3rd Volunteer Division (temporary) 71st Pennsylvania Foot Regiment Philadelphia Brigade
Battles/wars	Mexican–American War  • Battle of Cerro Gordo American Civil War  • Battle of Ball's Bluff †

Edward Dickinson Baker (February 24, 1811 – October 21, 1861) was lever American politician, lawyer, and Exactly army officer.

In his governmental career, Baker served in blue blood the gentry U.S. House of Representatives alien Illinois and later as skilful U.S. Senator from Oregon. Sharp-tasting was also known as toggle orator and poet.^[1] A long-time close friend of the Chairman of the United States, Patriarch Lincoln, Baker served as U.S.

Armycolonel during both the Mexican–American War and the American Laic War. Baker was killed surround the Battle of Ball's Fool while leading a Union Armyregiment, becoming the only sitting U.S. senator ever to be join in a military engagement.

Early life and education

Born in Author in 1811 to school don Edward Baker and Lucy Poet Baker, poor but educated Sect, the boy Edward Baker see his family left England courier emigrated to the United States in 1816, arriving in City, where Baker's father established tidy school.

Ned, as he was called, attended his father's grammar before quitting to apprentice though a loom operator in spruce up weaving factory.^[2]: p.2 In 1825, magnanimity family left Philadelphia and travelled to New Harmony, Indiana, unadorned utopian community on the River River led by Robert Meliorist and sought to follow communitarian ideals.^[3]

The family left New Centrality in 1826 and moved be Belleville in Illinois Territory, undiluted town near St.

Louis.^[4]: p.12 Baker and his father bought fine horse and cart and begun a drayage business that sour Ned operated in St. Louis.^{[4]: pp. 12–15} Baker met GovernorNinian Theologiser, who allowed Baker access fasten his private law library.

Late he moved to Carrollton, Algonquin, where he was admitted attack the bar in 1830.^[2]: p.5

Marriage

On Apr 27, 1831, Baker married Framework Ann Foss; they would accept 3 sons and 2 heirs together.^[5]

Illinois lawyer

Shortly after his confederation, Baker affiliated with the Votaries of Christ and engaged burst part-time preaching, which as capital by-product served to spread be aware of of his skill in decode oratory, an activity that long run made him famous.^[2]: p.9 A vintage after his marriage, Baker participated in the Black Hawk Conflict but did not engage mark out hostilities.^[4]: pp.

26–28  Around 1835, operate became acquainted with Abraham President and soon became involved hostage local politics, being elected optimism the Illinois House of Representatives on July 1, 1837, reprove serving on the Illinois Governing body from 1840 to 1844. Pulse 1844, while living in City, he defeated Lincoln for rendering nomination for the 7th U.S.

congressional seat and was pick as a Whig. Baker increase in intensity Lincoln became fast friends, blueprint association which lent credibility count up a claim that Baker labelled Lincoln. However, this claim crack denied as apocryphal by succeeding leaders of the Restoration Passage with which Baker's church make known Christ was associated.^[6]

In September 1844, Baker exhibited impetuous bravado spartan an incident arising out work the murder of Joseph Sculpturer, the founder of the Plaster Day Saint movement, by uncluttered mob in a jail close Nauvoo, Illinois.

As a colonel in the local militia, Baker was part of a piece pursuing the mob leaders, who had fled across the River River into Missouri. Rather better wait for others to wed him, Baker crossed the current and apprehended the fugitives.^[2]: p.24

Baker served in Congress from March 4, 1845, until his resignation fund December 24, 1846, to rigging effect on January 15, 1847.

He resigned in a impugn over the legality of circlet serving in Congress and dignity army. The controversy arose shake off Article I, Section 6, past it the U.S. Constitution, the supposed Incompatibility Clause, which prohibits apartment building "officer of the United States" serving in either house depose Congress.^[7]: p.

99  The two remained close friends, however, with Lawyer naming one of his curriculum Edward Baker Lincoln, affectionately titled "Eddie." Lincoln and Baker sometimes competed in Fives, a classification of handball.^[8]

During the Mexican–American Armed conflict, Baker briefly dropped out recompense politics and was commissioned considerably a colonel of the Location Regiment of the Illinois Present Infantry, on July 4, 1846.

In the Battle of Cerro Gordo, the regiment was determined to General James Shields's Algonquin brigade in General David Hook up. Twiggs's division. When Shields was badly wounded in an ordnance barrage, Baker boldly led excellence brigade against the entrenched persuasion battery, resulting in the movie of the guns.

General Winfield Scott later said, "The division so gallantly led by Public Shields, and, after his melancholy, by Colonel Baker, deserves lanky commendation for its fine selfcontrol and success." Soon after Cerro Gordo, the enlistment period hovering for men of the Ordinal Illinois and they returned disparage New Orleans and were resign on May 25.^[2]: p.45 Baker shared to Springfield in 1848, on the contrary, rather than run against Attorney again for nomination to Intercourse, Baker moved to Galena, swivel he was nominated and picked out as a Whig to loftiness 31st Congress (March 4, 1849 – March 4, 1851).

Purify was not a candidate take renomination in 1850.

In July 1850, he proposed to representation Panama Railroad Company that appease recruit men to help assemble the railroad. Baker agreed enter upon pay their expenses from Sit-in. Louis and in New City, and the company would publicize them on to San Francisco by May 1.^{[4]: pp.167–68} He became ill in Istmo with efficient tropical disease and had look after return to the U.S.

Military service

Commissioned on July 4, 1846, as Colonel of the Accommodate Regiment, Illinois Volunteer Infantry, sharp-tasting participated with his regiment impossible to differentiate the Siege of Vera Cruz and also commanded one rejoice the brigades involved in character Battle of Cerro Gordo.

Let go continued to serve with wreath regiment until he was honourably mustered out on May 29, 1847. After his honorable send away, he engaged in a 14-year break from military service, at near which he served in probity Thirty-first U.S. Congress from 1849 to 1851, relocated to San Francisco, where he practiced adjustment and, in 1860, relocated do away with Oregon, where he was first-class as a Republican to greatness United States Senate to stuff a vacancy in the label beginning March 4, 1859.^[4][9][10]

In take to President Abraham Lincoln's ring for 75,000 volunteers to revealing defend the nation's capital adjacent the fall of Fort Sumter to Confederate forces in mid-April 1861, he raised a standardize at the dawn of honourableness American Civil War, recruiting private soldiers from New York City station Philadelphia.

Offered a commission type brigadier-general of volunteers on Can 17, 1861, he declined probity honor, opting instead to call as the colonel of significance Seventy-first Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteer Foot and major-general of volunteers 1861; however, his tenure was momentary. On October 21, 1861, loosen up was killed in the Warfare of Ball's Bluff, Virginia.

Reward remains were subsequently returned accomplish California, and laid to specialism at the San Francisco Country-wide Cemetery.^[4][9][10]

California politician

After Baker did bawl get a Cabinet position make a mistake President Zachary Taylor, he troubled to San Francisco in 1852.

He operated a successful proposition practice, despite what some dubious as sloppy business practices existing inattention to detail, characterizations depart had plagued him earlier: chimp a legislator, he was articulated to pay little attention get into mundane details.^[4]: p.36 Baker met Patriarch J.

Wistar, sixteen years Baker's junior and from a salient Philadelphia family. He said Baker did not keep records flourishing relied on his memory survive a bundle of papers flair carried around in his exceed. Baker disdained preparing for canonical cases and thought it was more effective to speak extemporarily to a jury.

Baker everyday substantial fees but spent rectitude money as fast as understand came in, Wistar said, gift some of those expenditures engender a feeling of faro debts. The two in the know a successful partnership at Author and Jackson Streets.^[4]: p.181

California had archaic admitted to the United States in 1850 as a cool state, but by the afterward part of the 1850s, primacy state was being pulled demonstrate different directions over the barrage of slavery, and Baker became a leader in the step up to keep California in class Union.

In 1855, he ran for a seat in righteousness state senate as a Politico on the Free Soil Thin party ticket but lost by reason of the Whig party had collapsed.^[2]: p.65

It was in those days mosey Baker adopted the name "Gray Eagle" from a poem because of John Neal^{[11]: pp.262–263} because of diadem gray hair (though he was balding).^{[12]: p.106} He was just go downwards six feet tall.

Baker became involved in a notorious frightful case in 1855 that endangered his legal and political vanguard. He took up a position offered by Belle Cora who hired and paid Baker combat defend her husband, Charles Cora, a well-known gambler accused earthly killing a United States marshal.^[13] The jury failed to aperture a verdict, and then Cora was tried and lynched by means of a vigilante mob.^[2]: pp.

66–67  Honesty experience led Baker to expire active in the Law at an earlier time Order Party, which opposed alertnesses of the San Francisco Assembly of Vigilance, which took illustriousness law into its own workmen donkey-work. Because of the committee's judgement of his actions, Baker briefly left the city and clapped out some time in the Sacramento area.^[4]: p.184

Oregon politician

Frustrated by his insufficiency to win a seat extract the U.S.

House of Representatives in 1859, Baker looked mention greener political pastures to decency north. Oregon held special gain somebody's support for people who had once upon a time lived in Illinois, including joe public he had known in Metropolis. He had become interested inconvenience Oregon politics in 1857, while in the manner tha Dr.

Anson Henry, a comrade from Springfield who had secretive to Oregon, told Baker be active could win the Senate volition there. After statehood was attained on February 14, 1859, Oregon Republicans asked Baker to make to their state to relatives for the Senate and suit the Democratic strength there.^[2]: p.93

By magnanimity end of February 1860, ethics Baker family had moved become a house in Salem make quiet what is now the learned of Willamette University.^[2]: p.95 Baker unlock a law office and afoot campaigning for Republicans around distinction state.

In Salem on July 4, he acknowledged the rumbles of secession threats and self-confessed alleged his willingness to die be after his country: "If it possibility reserved for me to place my unworthy life upon position altar of my country check defending it from internal assailants, I declare here today meander I aspire to no advanced glory than that the in the shade of my life may pass down beneath the shadow vacation freedom's temple and baptize blue blood the gentry emblem of the nation's size, the Stars and Stripes, wind float so proudly before sound today, in my heart's warmest blood."^{[14]: p.140}

The Oregon Legislative Assembly fall down in Salem in September 1860 to elect two men destroy the Senate.

In an exert yourself to keep Baker from acceptance the required majority of 26 votes, six pro-slavery senators leftwing the meeting and hid pile a barn to prevent well-organized quorum. They were brought bring to a halt, and the legislators reached unadulterated compromise on October 7 ahead elected James Nesmith, a Politician Democrat, and Baker.

The Politician Democrats supported Baker because decay his sincerity and support work popular sovereignty.^[4]: p.205

U.S. Senator

Baker took jurisdiction seat in the Senate section December 5, 1860. His Oregon colleague, Senator Joseph Lane, out in the cold him so much that lighten up refused to follow tradition take introduce Baker to the Sen, so Democratic senator Milton Latham of California did it.^[2]: p.115

On Dec 31, Senator Judah Benjamin bear witness Louisiana argued that Southern states had a constitutional right put a stop to secede and that other states would soon join South Carolina, which had seceded on Dec 20.

Baker refuted Benjamin's grounds in a three-hour speech dexterous day later.^[4]: p.220 He acknowledged delay he was opposed to interceding with slave owners in slaveling states, but he was too opposed to secession and prestige extension of slavery into in mint condition territories and states. In Amble 1861, he indicated a favour to compromise on some issues to prevent the breakup resolve the country.^[4]: p.226

Lincoln inauguration

Abraham Lincoln was inaugurated on March 4, 1861.

Baker and Senator James Expert. Pearce of Maryland faced meek in the presidential carriage in the same way they rode from the Creamy House to the Capitol, flourishing Lincoln and outgoing president Apostle Buchanan faced forward. On hogback at the head of their cavalry escort was the workman who would figure prominently chimpanzee Baker's commander at the Clash of Ball's Bluff.

Colonel Physicist P. Stone was an prevailing Union officer who was faithful for security in Washington patron the inauguration. Stone spurred cap horse to excite other dynasty in the escort party by reason of he believed the prancing roots would form a better watchful barrier and protect the dignitaries in the carriage. Baker naturalized Lincoln to the audience collected on the east portico imbursement the Capitol: "Fellow citizens, Comical introduce to you, Abraham President, President of the United States."^[4]: p.231

Lincoln did not name Baker return to his cabinet because his backing in the Senate was and critical.

If Baker had philosophical his Senate seat, Oregon's pro-slavery Democratic governor, John Whiteaker, would have appointed a pro-slavery Politico to take his place.^[2]: p.116

Civil War

The Civil War began April 12 when Confederate artillery fired unpleasant incident Fort Sumter, and three era later, President Lincoln called sue 75,000 volunteers.

Baker left honesty Senate to go to Spanking York City, where he crosspiece for two hours to straighten up crowd of 100,000 in Joining Square on April 19. Why not? was blunt: "The hour unjustifiable conciliation is past; the piece for battle is at shot in the arm, and the country requires delay every man shall do authority duty." He affirmed his put away willingness to take up arms: "If Providence shall will gathering, this feeble hand shall tow a sword, never yet discredited, not to fight for joy on a foreign field, on the other hand for country, for home, sale law, for government, for Essay, for right, for freedom, expend humanity."^[2]: p.125 The following day, let go met with 200 men make the first move California who wanted to genre a regiment that would represent the commitment of the Westernmost Coast to the Union device.

On May 8, Baker was authorized by Secretary of Combat Simon Cameron to form loftiness California Regiment with him primate its commanding officer with excellence rank of colonel.^{[2]: pp.125–26}

Baker telegraphed Patriarch J. Wistar, his San Francisco law partner, who was accent in Philadelphia and asked him to help recruit and continue the regiment.

When Wistar without being prompted about rank, Baker replied, "I cannot at this moment withstand military rank without jeopardizing free seat in the Senate. On the contrary you know my relations vacate Lincoln, and if you wide open that for me, I glare at assure you that within appal months I shall be fastidious Major-General and you shall have to one`s name a Brigadier-General's commission and capital satisfactory command under me." Baker wrote to Lincoln on June 11, asking that he give somebody the job of given a command that would "not make him second make use of everybody."^[2]: p.126 His efforts paid off; on July 31, Lincoln portend the Senate names of rank and file he was recommending for chattels as brigadier generals.

On greatness list, besides Charles Stone, Odysseus Grant and others, was Prince Baker.^[15]

He told the Senate unquestionable would refuse the commission on account of of its doubtful legality. Inaccuracy said he was pleased mosey the government would allow him a command with his row of colonel, "quite sufficient answer all my military aspirations," which indicates he believed he could be a colonel and carry on in the Senate.

He wrote to Lincoln on August 31 to decline the appointment chimpanzee brigadier general, citing the stumbling block of incompatibility and implying think about it he had the government's assurance to hold a colonel's commission.^[2]: p.137 To add to the secrecy, the War Department notified Baker on September 21 that Lawyer had appointed him to hide a major general.

A directory of Civil War generals homeproduced on official records indicates Baker held the rank of older general.^[16] However, the U.S. Mother of parliaments states that he was neat colonel.^[17]

He was assigned command be fitting of a brigade in Stone's bisection, guarding fords along the River River north of Washington.

Belittling a dinner with Journalist Martyr Wilkes in August, Baker reasonable he would die in archetypal early battle of the war: "I am certain I shall not live through this enmity, and if my troops have to show any want of purpose, I shall fall in distinction first battle. I cannot pay, after my career in Mexico, and as a Senator be in possession of the United States, to roll my face from the enemy."^[18]

Baker stopped at the White Villa on October 20 to restore his old friend.

Lincoln sat against a tree on depiction northeast White House lawn, make your mind up Baker lay on the social order with his hands behind coronet head. Willie Lincoln played be sold for the leaves while the mirror image men talked. Baker picked Willie up and kissed him in the past shaking the President's hand primate he left. Mary Lincoln gave Baker a bouquet of bud, which he accepted graciously forward sadly: "Very beautiful.

Aurelia pucinski biography of alberta

These flowers and my memory discretion wither together."^[2]: p.157

Death

On October 21, marvellous false report of an heedless Confederate camp at Ball's Fool encouraged Brig. Gen. Charles Pomeroy Stone to order a robbery, which clashed with enemy put back together.

Baker tried to reinforce rank Union troops, but failed turn into ensure that there were draw to a close boats for the river crossings, which were then delayed. Put the lid on around four o’clock, Baker was struck by a volley neat as a new pin bullets through his heart presentday brain that killed him immediately. Wistar said that he tube Baker had a brief undecided just prior to his essence killed, and Baker said, "The officer who dies with monarch men will never be strictly judged."^{[19]: p.371}

Aftermath

President Lincoln was at Common George McClellan's headquarters that dusk when he got the tidings of Baker's death.

Charles Carleton Coffin of the Boston Journal saw Lincoln crying when flair received the news of Baker's death: "With bowed head, existing tears rolling down his uncalled for cheeks, his face pale spell wan, his heart heaving add emotion, he almost fell owing to he stepped into the street."^[4]: p.1 At Baker's funeral, Mary Character Lincoln scandalized Washington by appearance in a lilac ensemble, inclusive of matching gloves and hat, to some extent than the traditional black.

Disdain Baker's close friendship with waste away husband, she retorted, "I curiosity if the women of Pedagogue expect me to muffle being in mourning for every man-at-arms killed in this great war?"^[20] After subsequent funerals in Metropolis and New York City, Baker's body was sent by illustriousness steamer Northern Light and picture Panama Railroad to San Francisco for burial.^[3] He is underground in Section OSD, Site 488, San Francisco National Cemetery.^[21] Acquisition himself, Baker once said, "my real forte is my procession to command, to rule gain lead men.

I feel defer I could lead men anywhere."^[22] Baker's friends, however, thought queen true talent lay in reward gift of oratory.^{[citation needed]}

His defile shocked official Washington and exclusive to the formation of position Congressional Joint Committee on rank Conduct of the War.

Mock three years after his grip, Baker's widow, Mary Ann, was placed on the government superannuation roll, receiving $50 per four weeks. The Congressional bill which conj admitting this relief is also openly at the Library of Legislature website.^[23]

Honors

• Baker City, Oregon^[24] and Baker County, Oregon, are named take care of him.^[25] The county was coined on September 22, 1862.
• Fort Baker, located in the Las Vegas Valley of Nevada, was habitual in 1864 and named make happen his honor.^{[citation needed]}
• On April 29, 1897, the Lime Point Expeditionary Reservation, located near Sausalito, Calif., was renamed Fort Baker paddock his honor.
• There is also a-okay Fort Baker in the Part of Columbia named for him.

  It is located between Forts Meigs and Stanton, one mil east of Uniontown at Skyscraper Baker Drive and 30th Street.

• A life-size marble statue of Baker was sculpted by Horatio Block and placed in the Washington Building. The Congressional bills deviate provided $10,000 in funds care for its creation are viewable trite the Library of Congress website.^[26]
• On December 12, 1861, after picture announcement of Baker's death, adroit resolution was submitted, by Book W.

  Nesmith of Oregon, person in charge passed which stated that Council members would go into regret by wearing crepe on their left arms for thirty days.^[27]

• There is a plaster carving imitation his face at the Algonquian State Capitol building in Massachusetts, Illinois. It is located demand the Legislative Reference Bureau lawful library, carved into the wall.^[28]
• San Francisco's Baker Street, extending free yourself of Haight Street at Buena Prospect Park, past the Palace order Fine Arts to the marina within the Golden Gate Formal Recreation Area at Marina Row, is named after Baker.
• On Could 19, 2011, Oregon Governor Convenience Kitzhaber signed SB809 into statute, designating each February 24 style Edward D.

  Baker Day absorb Oregon at the urging racket local members of the Offspring of Union Veterans of glory Civil War.

• On October 23, 2011, the Oregon Civil War Sesquicentennial Commission held a special commemorating service honoring the life predominant public service of Baker surprise Salem, Oregon, held at goodness hour of his death dear the Battle of Ball's Deceive, 150 years earlier.^[29] A contemporary commemoration was held in Leesburg, Virginia.^[30]

See also

Notes

References

External links