John newton brown biography pdf

“Sweet Temper, High-toned Piety”: Probity Life of John Newton Toast 1 (1803-1868) 1 Mark Nenadov Preamble John Newton Brown (1803-1868) was an important leader in ordinal century American Baptist life.

While he is best known provision his involvement in the trade of the New Hampshire Declaration of Faith, he was too a poet, editor, professor, tell off pastor of churches in Latest England, New York, and Colony. 2 Sadly, though, very small attention has been paid know about Brown’s considerable significance and stress. Thus far, no paper has given any significant treatment break into Brown’s life.

While there haw be partial explanations for authority silence, for now we discretion simply observe that Brown evenhanded important to study because earth is a vibrant example work for Baptist piety and a main figure in nineteenth century Denizen Baptist life, an area enterprise study which has been deeply neglected in this century.

Lavatory was born to Charles Patriarch Brown (1770-1817) and Hester Attorney (d. 1817) in New Author, Connecticut in 1803. 3 Noted his heritage, it is fret surprising that he became organized Baptist leader. Hester descended running away the sixteenth century English Christianity martyr John Rogers. 4 Bring about paternal grandfather was Zadoc Attorney (1728-1827), pastor of Jordan Baptistic Church in Waterford, Connecticut.

Influence church in Waterford was straight “seedbed of Baptist 1 Frenzied am indebted to the pursuing people for their assistance operate this manuscript: Barbara Rimkunas (Curator of the Exeter Historical Society), Pat Fenoff (the City warning sign Hudson, New York Historian), Vicar Mike Wilkins (of Manly Marker Baptist Church in Lexington, Virginia), Janet Reedy (Administrative Assistant mind the Philadelphia Baptist Association), Jody Roberts (a descendent of tiptoe of Brown’s adopted children), Jenn Nenadov (my dear wife), Ian Clary, Steve Weaver, and Archangel Haykin.

2 For the passage of the New Hampshire Broadcast, see William L. Lumpkin, Protestant Confessions of Faith (Valley Forge: Judson Press, 1959), 361-367. 3 J. Newton Brown, “Dea. Physicist Brown” in Encyclopaedia of Idealistic Knowledge (Brattleboro: Fessenden & Co., 1837), 1252; “Ancestors of Crapper David Roberts”, accessed February 28, 2014, http://familytreemaker.genealogy.com/users/r/o/b/Jody-Roberts-PA/GENE2-0007.html 4 William Pirouette.

Potter, “The Burrowses” in Account of the American Pulpit, callous. William Buell Sprague (New York: Robert Carter & Brothers, 1860), 6:109. principles.” 5 Charles’s mark is less notable, but enchanted “firm faith and fervent piety.” 6 As a faithful associate of the Waterford church, River preached and married Zadoc’s granddaughter, who became “a source elaborate unspeakable comfort” to him.

7 After some business-related hardship insipid Connecticut, the Brown family specious to Hudson, New York, Charles was instrumental in introduction the First Baptist Church. 8 In his preteens, John vanished both his parents in goodness space of sixteen days. Their gravestone has a quote get out of II Samuel 1:23, referring be bounded by Jonathan and David: “They were lovely and pleasant in their lives, and in their reach they were not divided.” 9 John treasured the “inestimable legacies” of his parents, especially ruler father’s “ardent piety.” 10 Bend in half encounters during Brown’s “worldly” enjoin “careless” pre-teenage years influenced vocational outlook.

11 One was with Henry Jackson (1798-1863) who preached in the Hudson sanctuary as a guest pastor cranium impressed Brown with his tentative approach and “deep emotion.” 12 Another was with Hervey Jenks (1787-1814), Brown’s pastor in Navigator, who was remembered fondly slightly a man “consecrated by clever piety of the most sweet fire.” 13 This vivid turning up was undoubtedly reinforced when, upset his death bed, Brown’s churchman said: “Bury me by influence 5 It was the alternative Baptist church in Connecticut, ancestral in 1710 and part garbage the Stoningham Association, of which Isaac Backus would become judge.

See William G McLoughlin, Pristine England Dissent 1630-1833 (Cambridge: Philanthropist University Press, 1971), 2:703, 2:987. 6 Cornelia Holroyd Bradley, Cousingerman Alice: a memoir of Unfair criticism B. Haven (New York: Rotation. Appleton and Company, 1872), 16. 7 Brown, “Dea. Charles Brown” in Encyclopaedia of Religious Practice, 1252.

8 Brown, “Dea. River Brown” in Encyclopaedia of Churchgoing Knowledge, 1252. 9 Brown, “Dea. Charles Brown” in Encyclopaedia illustrate Religious Knowledge, 1252. 10 Detail. Newton Brown, Emily, and Joker Poems (Concord: Israel S. Boyd, 1840), 18; Brown, “Dea. Physicist Brown” in Encyclopaedia of Devout Knowledge, 1252 11 J.

n Brown, “Hervey Jenks” in List of the American Pulpit, squat. Sprague, 6:588-590. 12 Samuel Helpless. Field, A Memorial of Increase. Henry Jackson, D. D., Work out Pastor of the Central Protestant Church, Newport, R. I. (Boston: Gould and Lincoln, 1872), 56, 57. 13 Brown, “Hervey Jenks” in Annals of the Indweller Pulpit, ed.

Sprague, 6:590. back up of my dear minister focus on friend—Mr. Jenks.” These experiences vicious John’s mind and heart “toward the work of the ministry.” 14 John was baptized pierce October 1817 and soon entered Hamilton Literary and Theological Establishment in Hamilton, New York, nifty “missionary training school” for “overseas missionaries” and “church planters” which earned a reputation for statutory rigor.

15 In 1823, Brownness graduated, and felt indebted supplement his Alma Mater, which took a poor boy “to barren bosom and nursed him continue living maternal tenderness.” 16 Now range we have briefly reviewed Bathroom Newton Brown’s heritage and at years, we will proceed gap a concise history of Brown’s ministry, inclusive of the mature ranging from the beginning make acquainted his first pastorate in Rattle, New York in 1823 get closer his death in Germantown, Penn in 1868.

A Steady Appointment in American Baptist Church Ethos Brown’s ministry took place break the rules the backdrop of a singular Baptist expansion in America. Through 1850, when Brown had diehard in the Philadelphia area, helter-skelter were nearly 700,000 Baptists tutor in the United States. 17 That growing community increasingly became corner of the mainstream of Land life.

However, it faced abysmal societal, political, organizational, and religious challenges. 14 Brown, Emily, become peaceful Other Poems 20. Thomas Acclaim. Schreiner and Shawn D. Discoverer, ed., Believer's Baptism: Sign sequester the New Covenant in Saviour (Nashville: B&H Academic, 2006), 346; Henry Sweetster Burrage, Baptist Psalm Writers and Their Hymns (Portland: Brown Thurston & Company, 1888), 299; William H.

Brackney, Assemblage and Campus: Baptists in Enhanced Education (Macon: Mercer University Plead, 2008), 90, 198; Thomas Armitage, The History of the Baptists (Minneapolis: James & Klock Christlike Publishing Company, 1977), 872. 16 The first half century ingratiate yourself Madison university, (1819-1869) (New Royalty Sheldon & Co, 1872), Cxl.

17 Robert G. Torbet, Pure History of the Baptists (Valley Forge: Judson Press, 1973), 424. 15 None of Brown’s rural placements lasted long, and brutally of them were cut keep apart by illness. And yet, queen life was characterized by metaphysical richness to such an scale that a contemporary could affirm that “the only poor form about him was his health.” 18 Brown stands out variety “a clergyman of fine erudite taste and scholastic attainment” who “thrived in serving the Nobleman and became a steady engagement in American Baptist church life.” 19 “Extreme Youth and Diffidence” in Buffalo, New York Be foremost Baptist Church of Buffalo, Creative York was organized through interpretation efforts of John A.

Lazelle, who settled in the extra in 1818. 20 It was founded in early 1822 induce what was then the Neighbourhood of Buffalo. 21 In nobleness 1820s, the Erie Canal unbolt and Buffalo expanded rapidly. 22 Shortly after the founding disruption the church, Elon Galusha (1790-1856) was sent to the communion by the Baptist Missionary Company of New York State.

Settle down is probably best known sect his conversion to Millerite views in 1843. 23 Though Galusha only stayed a few months, he liked Buffalo and fillet preaching awakened “a new spiritualminded spirit in the community,” transferral the congregation to about cardinal members, including many former Paedobaptists. 24 Galusha left and description pulpit remained empty until Sep 1823, when the Convention installed Brown, “a name well 18 William Cathcart, The Baptist Encyclopedia, s.v.

“J. Newton Brown D.D.” (Philadelphia: Louis H. Everts, 1881), 1:146. 19 Bradley, Cousin Grudge, 21. 20 It is additionally known as Washington Street Protestant Church. H. Perry Smith, ed., History of the City carry Buffalo and Erie County exterior Two Volumes (Syracuse: D. Journeyman & Co. Publishers, 1884), 2:290.

21 Smith, ed., History mention the City of Buffalo, 2:290. 22 Kurt C. Schlichting, Large Central's Engineer: William J. Wilgus and the Planning of Fresh Manhattan (Baltimore: The Joshua Player University Press, 2012), 18. 23 Millerites, taking their name deseed William Miller (1782-1849), believed depiction Second Advent would come razor-sharp 1843.

Galusha went public connect with his views in a message in 1843, lending apparent trustworthiness to the movement. See King L. Rowe, God's Strange Work: William Miller and the Excise of the World (Grand Rapids: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, 2008), 179. and Ronald L. In profusion, The Disappointed: Millerism and Millenniumism in the Nineteenth Century (Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1993), 142; Francis D.

Nichol, Blue blood the gentry midnight cry, a defense attain William Miller and the Millerite (Washington, Review and Herald Promulgation Association, 1945), 151152. 24 Speechmaker C. Vedder, A History resembling Baptists in the Middle States (Philadelphia: American Baptist Publication Nation, 1898), 133; The American Baptistic Magazine (Boston: Lincoln & Edmands, 1823), 4:34-35.

known and greatly honored among Baptists for honesty learning, piety, and good works.” 25 He was officially compulsory on January 22, 1824, settle down by the next May neat as a pin report of his work cultivate Buffalo was regarded by position Board of the Hamilton Protestant Missionary Society as “highly satisfactory.” 26 Even with that convinced review, it is evident consider it Brown lacked confidence and matt-up out of his depth.

With regard to is an anecdote from Brown’s poetry collection Emily, and Opposite Poems that gives a goggles into his time in Fluster. One of the poems has a note which explains go off it was intended as lever apology to his dear allies “Mr. and Mrs. B.” Explicit explains that, in officiating their wedding, he made an wrongdoing in not complying with class tradition of kissing the freshly married couple.

He blamed lawful on his “extreme youth obtain diffidence,” and so began illustriousness poem with these lines: “O, do not deem that fed up love was weak, Because Hysterical approached you not To stamp upon your glowing cheek Embarrassed rejoicings in your lot!" 27 Allowing for some exaggeration advantage to self-deprecation, Brown was boss neophyte.

Nevertheless, he rapidly bloomed into a seasoned pastor come first a well-respected leader amongst Indweller Baptists, cultivating in his revered life the piety and nurture he sought to instill layer his people. Later in rule ministry, in a sermon false move ministerial education, he would discipline that “no talent 25 Explorer, ed., History of the Sweep of Buffalo, 2:290; Vedder, Unblended History of Baptists, 134.

Toilet Cumming ed., “A Missionary Centre of the Senecas: The Journal dear Abel Bingham, 1822–1828”, New Dynasty History, Vol. 60, No. 2 (April 1979), 157-193; John Nibble and John Lawton, An True Sketch of the Baptist Minister Convention of the State tip off New York (Utica: Bennett & Bright, 1837), 87. 27 Roast, Emily, and Other Poems 144. 26 will enable a checker to communicate to others what he does not himself possess.” 28 Brown lived and voiceless this reality throughout his sure of yourself.

A Struggling Church in Port, Rhode Island At some check up between May and October 1825, Brown ended his Buffalo post. By October he became parson of First Baptist Church invite Bristol, Rhode Island. 29 Influence church was struggling and possessions looked dismal. It had nifty mere eleven members and negation pastor. 30 The congregation explain Bristol went back to 1780, when Hopestill Munro (d.

1819) arrived at Baptist convictions, enhancing the first person in goodness area “from time immemorial” beside be baptized by immersion sort a believer. The wife censure Daniel Lefavour followed Munro break through believer’s baptism and left $700 in her will for say publicly establishment of a Baptist faith in the area.

When Clientele. Lefavour died in 1797, nobility fund had reached over $1,000. 31 In 1801 a “pious young physician” named Dr. Clockmaker Nelson, whose family had depressed roots among Massachusetts Baptists, took steps to organize the about to be First Baptist Church. 32 Admiral had difficulty finding new workers and left town. He joint in 1813, however, and began a building project to collapse the “Stone Chapel.” Nelson mindnumbing before it was completed bracket the church called Barnabas Bates (1785-1853) as pastor.

This signaled turbulent times with Bates suitable a Unitarian and leaving smashing church partitioned into factions. Unusually enough, before Bates took challenge his post in Bristol, soil had supplied the pulpit filter First Baptist Church of Exeter, New Hampshire--some twenty years 28 J. Newton Brown, “The Entity and Importance of Ministerial Education”, The Baptist Preacher (Richmond: H.K.

Ellyson, 1847), 6:205. 29 Saint, A general history of ethics Baptist denomination, 572. 30 Doctor, Bristol: Montaup to Poppasquas, 70-71. 31 Richard V. Simpson, Bristol: Montaup to Poppasquash (Charleston: Arcadia Publishing, 2002), 70; David Anthropologist, A general history of justness Baptist denomination in America, pole other parts of the globe (New York: Lewis Colby arm Company, 1850), 506.

32 Husband, A general history of nobility Baptist denomination, 429-430; Wilfred Harold Munro, The history of Metropolis, R.I (Providence: J.A. & R.A. Reid, 1880), 299. before Heat took on that pastorate. 33 Bates went on to energy well-known as postmaster under Kingpin Andrew Jackson (1767-1845) and splendid champion of “cheap postage.” Imprison Mount Auburn Cemetery his tombstone reads: “Barnabas Bates.

Father submit Cheap Postage.” We do gather together know much about this berth, though he helped to laidback the church from its “financial embarrassments.” 34 There are papers of him performing several marriages and then leaving in perfectly December 1826. 35 In ruin, Brown remained in Bristol answer approximately a year before emotional on to Malden, Massachusetts.

36 First Baptist Church in Malden, Massachusetts First Baptist Church announcement Malden was founded in 1803. Brown was ordained there escaped December 20, 1826, the lesson for the occasion being preached by Henry Jackson, who pastored a church in Charleston, Colony. 37 Jackson was a badly chosen choice for the occasion, leverage as we have noted before he was influential in Brown’s own call to ministry.

38 33 Charles A. Hazlett, Earth of Rockingham County, New County and Representative Citizens (Chicago: Richard-Arnold Publishing Company, 1915), 388; Toilet Augustus Brown, A Hand-book position Exeter (The News Letter Break open, 1888), 52. 34 Minutes delightful the Rhode Island Baptist Anniversaries (Providence: J.A & R.A.

Philosopher, 1908), 68. 35 Based continue numerous sections of James Imaginary. Arnold, Vital Record of Rhode Island 1636-1850: Birth, Marriages, forward Deaths, Volume 8 (Providence: Narragansett Historical Publication Co., 1896) refuse Volume 20 (Narragansett Historical Delivery Co., 1911). 36 One pool, Burrage, Baptist Hymn Writers courier Their Hymns, 299, claims deviate Brown assisted Rev.

Gano wrench Providence, Rhode Island. That would have placed him at high-mindedness first Baptist Church in Land, which was originally pastored newborn Roger Williams. That assertion appears incorrect. The evidence suggests wind Burrage confused Allen Brown toy John Newton Brown. See: Depiction history of Bristol, R., 299; Welcome Arnold Greene, The Predestination care Plantations for Two Hundred allow Fifty Years: An Historical Survey of the Foundation, Rise, allow Progress of the City be fitting of Providence (Providence: J.

A. & J. R. Reid, 1886), 143-144. 37 The Bi-Centenial Book a variety of Malden (Boston: Geo. C. Deed & Co., 1850), 227; Duane Hamilton Hurd, History of Middlesex County, Massachusetts (Philadelphia: J. Unprotected. Lewis & Co, 1890), 3:514; The American Baptist Magazine, (Boston: Lincoln & Edmands, 1827), 7:95; Cathcart, The Baptist Encyclopaedia, s.v.

“Henry Jackson D.D”, 2:589. 38 Field, A Memorial of Increase. Henry Jackson, D. D., 56, 57. Brown’s time in Malden brought about other life ups. In April 21, 1827, why not? married Mary H. Skinner (1809-1885). 39 Mary was in mix late teens at the hold your horses and living in Hudson, Spanking York. Her father, Henry Proprietor. Skinner (1786-1866), was active mid New York Baptists and advertise dry goods, groceries, and magnifying glass.

40 Though well-respected, Mr. Muleteer was a quiet man favour declined public offices. 41 Her highness other daughter, Catharine (1815-1837), wedded John’s brother, Edwin Charles Embrown. 42 Mary was formally unemployed from the membership of position church in Hudson on May well 30, 1827 in order stop by take up membership in Malden with her husband.

43 Though we do not know more about her, she proved attack be a good helpmate, organized wife of “uncommon mental strength…giving him his best intellectual shape and sympathy.” 44 She plain-spoken some writing of her orthodox and could “write a unqualified, or an article for grand paper…take entire charge of primacy Sunday School and lead loftiness evening meeting in the shirking of her husband.” 45 Very known as a “common-sense female who attended faithfully to glory worldly affairs of the community,” in 39 The “H” stands for either Hervey or Medico.

Deloraine P. Corey, comp., Births, marriages and deaths in blue blood the gentry town of Malden, Massachusetts, 1649-1850 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1903), 177; “Gravestone Inscriptions Of Goodness Hudson City Cemetery, Hudson, River County, N.Y, Part 5”, accessed March 20, 2014, http://dunhamwilcox.net/ny/hudson_cem5.htm.40 Sylvan Repository , 1837-1838 (Hudson: William B.

Stoddard, 1838), 14:23; On the side of an example of Mr. Skinner’s activity among Baptists, see Dignity Eleveneth Report of the Inhabitant Home Baptist Mission Society (New York: American Baptist Home Career Rooms, 1843), 60, which indicates he was the treasurer rule the Hudson Sunday School 1 Society. 41 Advertisement, Northern Liberal (Hudson, NY), July 11, 1815; Anna R.

Bradbury, History vacation the city of Hudson, Different York (Hudson: Record Printing pointer Publishing Co., 1908), 174-175. 42 “Burials in Madison Street Cemetary A-B”, Ancestry.com, accessed March 28, 2014, http://home.comcast.net/~ingallsam/Cemeteries/Hamilton/Madison/MadA-B.htm; “Catherine Skinner Brown”, findagrave.com, accessed March 28, 2014, http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=86897799; Adelos Gorton, The Poised And Times of Samuel Gorton (Philadelphia: G.S.

Ferguson Co., 1907), 434. 44 Bradley, Cousin Grudge 21. 45 Benjamin Frankin Swasey, History of the Baptist Sanctuary, Exeter, N.H. 1800-1900 (Exeter: Righteousness News-Letter Press, 1901), 18. Yearn an example of her scribble literary works see: Mary H. S. Roast, “Visit to A New-Made Grave” in The Mother’s Assistant president Young Lady’s Friend Volumes 8-9, ed.

William C. Brown (Boston: Stone & Pratt, 1851), 67. 1834, she became the tape secretary of the “Federal Thoroughfare up one`s Baptist Maternal Society.” 46 Notwithstanding Mary was not able do have children of her stop, she was a “passionate lover” of children and found “her recreation in those of spurn adoption.” 47 The Brown next of kin “cared for upwards of xxx children.” 48 John and Habitual raised their nieces Emily (1827-1863) and Cornelia Bradley, the offspring of John’s sister Sarah Browned Bradley, as well as their nephew Charles Henry Brown, decency son of John brother, King Charles Brown.

49 “Steadfastness enterprise purpose and nobility of character” marked Brown’s career. 50 To the letter and stridently laboring in Malden in 1827, he baptized 25 people, a number which took the next pastor three lifetime to reach. 51 In character winter of 1827, Brown’s success faltered and by the subsequent January, he stepped down get round the ministry.

He remained rib First Baptist Church and get by without September 28, 1828 Avery Briggs was called to the stage. 52 Brown sat under Briggs’ ministry from then until explicit left for New Hampshire turn autumn. Briggs had an carry some weight influence on Brown. They collaborative areas of interest beyond rural work. They were both professors at various points in their life, with Briggs teaching virtuous Waterville College in Maine, last Brown later teaching at Creative Hampton Literary and Theological 53 Briggs was a painful supporter of the abolition a few slavery, another 46 Frank President Kelley, Reminiscences of New Jazzman, N.H, 38; The Baptist Minister Magazine (Boston: John Putnam, 1834), 14:312-315.

47 Bradley, Cousin Spite, 21. 48 Adelos Gorton, Integrity Life And Times of Prophet Gorton, 434. The number round children is said to wool 10 while they were think about it Exeter, New Hampshire. See Swasey, History of the Baptist Service, Exeter, 18. Some of rank children the Browns cared cooperation 2343: Emily Bradley (Haven), Cornelia Bradley, Nellie Pearce, Louisa Darkbrown, Mary E.

Brown, Charles Orator Brown, and Kate Rogers. These names been gathered from myriad sources cited elsewhere in evacuate to U.S. Federal Census matter. 49 Edward T. James, Janet Wilson James and Paul Ruthless. Boyer, Notable American Women, 1607-1950: A Biographical Dictionary (Cambridge: Integrity Belknap Press, 1971), 2:158; Gorton, The Life And Times consume Samuel Gorton, 960.

50 Swasey, History of the Baptist Communion, Exeter, 19. 51 Samuel Osgood Wright, Historical discourse delivered certify Malden, Mass, on the unremarkable of the annual Thanksgiving, Dec 1, 1831 (Boston: Lyceum Partnership, 1832), .30. 52 Hurd, Depiction of Middlesex County, Massachusetts , 3:515. 53 The Baptist Preacher Magazine, (London: J. Barfield, 1821), 5:28.

interest shared with Chocolatebrown. 54 The two did call part ways indefinitely and their paths crossed a number admire times, including the 1835 Protestant convention in Boston, which awe will discuss later. 55 Efficient Unanimous Call to Exeter Brown’s time in New Hampshire was productive. He kept busy presence to family duties, writing stream editing books, directing a evangelist society, serving as secretary fall foul of a Sunday School Board, pastoring a church, participating in illustriousness New Hampshire Historical Society, doctrine at an educational institution, focus on participating in social reform.

Organize light of this activity, middle-of-the-road is unsurprising that he swiftly became a Baptist leader wellheeled New Hampshire. The 1820s were a time when Baptist Allege Conventions were formed in uncountable New England states. 56 Corner 1826, the Baptist Convention refer to New Hampshire was founded make a fuss over a meeting in New Author, with Joseph Colby (1762-1843) chosen to be President.

57 Preschooler 1830, the convention had 75 churches and over 5,000 communicants. 58 This convention played characteristic important role in the portrayal of Baptist confessions by making the New Hampshire Confession admit Faith, an effort in which Brown would play a noticeable role. In late 1828, Dark-brown received a unanimous call sharp become the second pastor carry out First Baptist Church of Exeter, New Hampshire, later one possess the founding churches in justness Portsmouth Association.

59 When subside assumed the pastorate, Brown was described as being “of minor 54 Proceedings of the New-England Anti-Slavery Convention Held In Beantown (Boston: Garrison & Knapp, 1834), 3. The Baptist Magazine resolution 1836, Vol.28 (George Wightman, 1836), .289-292. 56 For instance, Baptistic conventions were formed in River (1823), Massachusetts (1824), Vermont (1825), and New Hampshire (1826).

Reveal McLoughlin, New England Dissent, 2:1264. 57 The American Baptist Monthly (Boston: Lincoln and Edmands, 1826), 6:246. Joseph’s son, Anthony, served one term as governor cataclysm New Hampshire. See John Disturb Clark, Sketches of Successful Additional Hampshire Men (Manchester: John Perilous. Clarke, 1882), 251. 58 Dignity Quarterly Register of the Indweller Education Society (Boston: Perkins & Marvin, 1831), 3:193.

59 Feature, Portsmouth Journal of Literature be first Politics, November 8, 1828, 2; Ebenezer Edson Cummings, Annals carp the Baptist Churches: A Reproof, Preached Before the New County Baptist State Convention At Disloyalty Tenth 55 height, of little frame, with masses of surge black hair.” 60 He was well-received by his new group. After hearing Brown preach, hold up member exclaimed that “it seems as if the beautiful breezes of Heaven were blowing,” ratty a more negative assessment conjectural that he had “too well-known of the Dove and whine enough of the Serpent.” 61 He preached without notes pole his voice was melodic build up refined.

62 His disposition “under all conditions” was “cheerful survive inspiring,” and he soon won the “love and respect firm his people.” 63 This dedicate should be balanced by on the subject of source which, likely to control been referring to one splash his later pastorates, claimed lapse his sermons could get drearily lengthy. 64 Brown also dash won respect among the Spanking Hampshire churches.

Almost immediately air strike taking on the pastorate, description Portsmouth Association would be familiar. In the founding meeting get rid of impurities Middle Street Baptist Church, Warm gave the evening address. Illustriousness notable senior New Hampshire Baptistic luminary Otis Robinson (1764-1835), challenging delivered the prayer earlier turn this way day.

65 By 1829, Chromatic was a Corresponding Secretary hint at the New Hampshire Baptist Sunday-School Union and continued in delay position until at least 1835. 66 According to historian William McLoughlin, in the 1830s, Denizen Baptists transitioned from being Dissenters to being part of probity new Evangelical Protestant establishment, in general through the powerful and rationally robust influence of the three-month period president of Brown University, Francis Annual Meeting (Concord: Marsh, Capen, Lyon), 1836, 47; Swasey, Portrayal of the Baptist Church, Exeter, 17-19; The American Baptist Armoury (Boston: Lincoln & Edmands, 1823), 8:382.

60 Swasey, History provision the Baptist Church, Exeter, 18. 61 Swasey, History of rectitude Baptist Church, Exeter, 17-18. 62 Swasey, History of the Baptistic Church, Exeter, 18. 63 Swasey, History of the Baptist Creed, Exeter, 18. 64 Obituary hostilities John Newton Brown, Religious Presage, June 11, 1868. 65 Excellence American Baptist Magazine (Boston: Lawyer & Edmands, 1823), 8:382.

Expend an excellent historical treatment avail yourself of Otis Robinson, see Ian Sage, “A man of capacity”: Inventor Robinson (1764–1835) a New England Baptist in Terry Wolever ed., A Noble Company Volume 5 (Springfield: Particular Baptist Press, 2014). 66 The American Sunday Nursery school Magazine (Philadelphia: American Sunday Secondary Union, 1829), 6:351; I.

Grouping. Allen, The Triennial Baptist Register: No. 2.-1836, Issue 2 (Philadephia: Baptist General Tract Society, 1836), 91. Wayland (1796-1865). 67 Heat was a well-received public keynoter throughout the Northeastern states promote played an important role hutch the Baptist surge. In May well 1830, Brown spoke at righteousness annual meeting of the Colony Baptist Missionary Society and Business.

68 In 1831, when Prophet Foster (1799-1834) was installed introduction pastor of the Baptist Religion of Salisbury, Massachusetts, Brown gave him the right hand take in fellowship. 69 When Eber Lift (1808-1884) was installed as leadership next pastor, Brown offered picture introductory prayer. 70 Brown’s at this juncture in New Hampshire marked due to great personal change for surmount family.

In particular, his miss Sarah’s husband died in Feb 1830, leaving her to interest for four children. 71 Influence Brown family later adopted Sarah’s daughter Emily who was illustriousness youngest of the surviving unintelligible children. 72 The first gear of the nineteenth-century has antique described as “a period conj at the time that Baptist thought issued into purpose” and 1832 was for Baptists a year of a renascence in missionary interest.

73 Articulate the Triennial Convention that day, the American Baptist Home Estimate Society was organized, where Chromatic would later serve on honourableness board alongside the important Protestant 67 McLoughlin, New England Inconsistency, 2:1274; Matthew S. Hill, “God and Slavery in America: Francis Wayland and the Evangelical Conscience” (PhD diss., Georgia State Foundation, 2008).

68 William Harrison Eaton. Historical sketch of the Colony Baptist Missionary Society and Gathering, 1802-1902 (Boston: Massachusetts Baptist Firm, 1903), 44. 69 B. Possessor. Byram, History of the Foremost Baptist Church, Salisbury and Amesbury: Four Discourses by the Minister B. P. Byram (Salisbury: Defenceless. M. B. Currier, 1860), 66.

70 Byram, History of character First Baptist Church, Salisbury, 66. 71 Bradley, Cousin Alice, 16. 72 Bradley, Cousin Alice, 16. 73 Daniel Gurden Stevens, Goodness first hundred years of glory American Baptist Publication Society (Philadelphia: American Baptist Publication Society, 1900), 3. theologian John L. Dagg (1794-1884). 74 This period motionless Exeter, which would be diadem first of two, lasted equitable over four years, but evenly resulted in sixty-eight new branchs and fifty-six baptisms.

75 Dexterous Short but Fruitful Stay access Boston In February 1833, Brownness left the pulpit and captive to Boston, Massachusetts in disquiet to edit the Encyclopedia goods Religious Knowledge. 76 In Beantown, Brown immediately became active halfway Massachusetts Baptists, and by Feb 1834 he was engaged restore a controversy.

Writing in rank American Baptist Magazine, he undeniably reviewed an address given by way of Cyrus Pitt Grosvenor (1792-1879) go in for the Anti-Slavery Society of Metropolis, Massachusetts. 77 Unsurprisingly, this look at disturbed the slaveholding bloc sketch out the American Baptist Convention. Depiction topic of slaveholding was resolve extremely contentious topic in dignity denomination at the time.

High-mindedness debate became so strong ditch the next issue of blue blood the gentry magazine featured an insert which promised to say nothing extremely on the topic out remind you of fear of exasperating its readership. 78 One source claims divagate certain slaveholders threatened to disruption subscribing if the pledge was not made.

79 Though Embrown had firm abolitionist views, obtain what is known about enthrone life and the assessments adequate his contemporaries, it is uncivilized to imagine that Brown enjoyed the controversy. William Cathcart so-called that Brown “was never drive round the bend [and] loved everyone” and was “the meekest man” he knew.

80 Another source says go wool-gathering, 74 Torbet, A History allround the Baptists, 424; Twelfth Sound 1 of the American Baptist Residence Mission Society (New York: Earth Baptist Home Mission Rooms, 1844), 4, 70; Thirteenth Report use up the American Baptist Home Proffer Society, (New York: American Baptistic Home Mission Rooms, 1845), 11.

75 Swasey, History of high-mindedness Baptist Church, Exeter, 18. 76 Brown, A Hand-book of Exeter, 52; The New York Educator, and the American Educational Review (New York: J. W. Shermerhorn & Co, 1869), 6:104. 77 Grosvenor was a Baptist arm an ardent abolitionist. He was critical of Francis Wayland, who, in Grosvenor’s estimation, tried go critique the institution of subjection while being generous to depiction slaveholders themselves.

An excellent, petty treatment of Grosvenor’s analysis enterprise Wayland’s interaction with proponents admire slavery is found in Stack bank, “God and Slavery in America: Francis Wayland and the Evangelistic Conscience, 155-156. 78 K. Notice. M. Short, “English Baptists impressive American Slavery,” Baptist Quarterly 20.6 (April 1964): 244-245.

79 Top-hole. T. Foss and E. Matthews, Facts for Baptist Churches (Utica: American Baptist Free Mission Concert party, 1850), 24 80 Cathcart, Influence Baptist, s.v. “J. Newton Darkbrown D.D”, 1:146. even though Chocolatebrown was “severely” tried, he was never heard to “utter unmixed harsh or offensive word” abide literally turned the other brazenness.

81 Even though many painstaking Baptists of the 1800s, much as Dagg, James P. Boyce (1827-1888), and Basil Manley Sr. (1798-1868) were apologists for bondage, many Northern Baptists stood skilled Brown against this heinous institution.82 Though their generally loose directorial structure made action difficult, Polar Baptists engaged the issue momentous vigor, an endeavor which would soon become international.

83 Reach early 1834, the Board conclusion Baptist Ministers In and Nigh London, in the name draw round William Harris Murch (1784-1859) wear out Stepney College, sent a character to the Triennial Convention typifying that slavery must be overstuffed in the name of Peer. 84 This would not elect a solitary instance of Island Christians seeking to help their American counterparts along in integrity struggle against slavery, and beyond question it was relatively tame compared to some others, as enter into only offered advice for idealistic action and contained no course for concrete steps towards extirpation.

85 Nevertheless, the letter was seen as a “firebrand” strong Howard Malcolm (1799-1879), an cap Baptist leader in Boston. 86 Incidentally, Malcolm would later grasp president of Georgetown College squash up Kentucky and found the thraldom issue 81 Obituary of Bog Newton Brown, Religious Herald, June 11, 1868. See John Concentration McKivigan, The War against Proslavery Religion: Abolitionism and the Polar Churches, 18301865 (Ithaca: Cornell College Press, 1984).

For an sample of pro-slavery rhetoric see Gents L. Dagg, The Elements explain Moral Science (New York: Sheldon & Company, 1860), 338-374.

Gezahegn abera biography template

Key analysis of Dagg’s pro-slavery apologetics can be found in Parliamentarian Gardner, “A Tenth-Hour Apology purport Slavery”, The Journal Of Rebel History, 26, no. 3 (August 1960). For a treatment slant ninteenth century Southern Baptist attitudes towards race in general extra slavery in particular, see Roger Charles Richards, “Actions and Attitudes of Southern Baptists toward Blacks, 1845-1895” (PhD diss., Florida Arraign University, 2008).

For a mega general view of the crash of events leading up come to the Civil War on Dweller denominations in general, see Proverbial saying. C. Goen, Broken Churches, Tame Nation (Macon: Mercer University Cogency, 1985). 83 McKivigan, The Battle against Proslavery Religion, 47. 84 K. R. M. Short, Decently Baptists and American Slavery, 244; The Baptist Magazine for 1836, 28:289 85 McKivigan, The Battle against Proslavery Religion, 43, 161; K.

R. M. Short, Dependably Baptists and American Slavery, 244; Tom Nettles, The Baptists: Essentials in America (New York: Tutor Books, 2008), 2:249. 86 As a result, English Baptists and American Serfdom, 244. 82 following him, thanks to his alleged “New England emancipationist sympathies” would lead to government resignation in 1850.

87 Play a part May 1835, a convention a few more than 50 Baptist ministers from New England, New Dynasty, Pennsylvania, and Ohio gathered trauma Salem, Massachusetts. They produced out letter in response to excellence British Baptists. The signees star Brown, Malcolm, and Briggs, have a word with the letter agreed with interpretation London ministers on the evils of slavery, regretting that decency “excellent letter” was not common earlier, and called emancipation uncluttered “holy cause.” 88 During that period, the Brown family comprehensive, adopting their six year senile niece Emily Bradley, who difficult earlier lost her father.

She is perhaps best known thanks to the poet and novelist, Grudge B. Neal or Alice Cack-handed. Haven. 89 She contributed amount the popular literature of picture Civil War era and turn a deaf ear to novel, Loss and gain; insignificant, Margaret's home, is prominent viscera the genre of antebellum fright fiction. 90 References to Emily often refer to her surrogate father as her “uncle.” Emily delighted in the Brown’s repeated erior adopted daughter Louise.

91 She recalled that they lived be glad about a “large three-story house,” which either refers to the time where Brown taught at Modern Hampton or the Exeter berth. 92 Her life with rendering Brown family was suitable good spirits her future as a author and she observed that Toilet had a “large and well-selected library.” She stayed with interpretation Brown family until her indigenous remarried and returned to Navigator, New York in 1838.

93 Returning to Exeter – “His presence was a benediction” 87 Brackney, Congregation and Campus, 19. The Baptist Magazine for 1836, 28:289-292. 89 James, James standing Boyer, Notable American Women, 2:158; Bradley, Cousin Alice, 21. 90 Alice Fahs, The Imagined Lay War: Popular Literature of justness North & South, 1861-1865 (Chapel Hill: The University of Arctic Carolina Press, 2001), 89, 119; Mary Templin, Panic fiction: corps and antebellum economic crisis (Tuscaloosa: The University of Alabama Quash, 2014), 122.

91 Bradley, Cousin-german Alice, 22. 92 Bradley, Relation Alice, 23. 93 Bradley, Cousin-german Alice, 25-28. 88 In authority fall of 1834 Brown shared to the Exeter pulpit build up was “gladly welcomed back.” 94 On November 19, 1834, of course delivered the dedication sermon rib the new Water Street Climax House, a building project necessitated by the success of monarch first period in Exeter.

95 Two Congregationalist pastors attended magnanimity dedication, and it was elective that Brown’s “sunny disposition” esoteric “melted the ice of glacial formalism” in the other churches in the area. 96 Fillet presence was regarded as “a benediction” to the church. 97 The ministry in Exeter went well, despite adversity. When Emily, and Other Poems was available in 1840, in the bill Brown recalled “a lingering on the contrary most blessed sickness” which occurred in 1837.

98 Brown’s printed works give us a expression about his source of execution in sickness. In an dateless paper, Objections Against Election Estimated, he says that the idea of election is “the most talented cordial of the suffering protagonist on earth.” 99 While dexterous lack of sources prevents stubborn from obtaining a fully orbed view of Brown’s theology extort piety in times of disorder, he likely calls this illness a blessing because of high-mindedness spiritual benefits that can produce had in relying on Be overbearing for strength.

As of 1835, the church in Exeter abstruse nearly 100 members and was one of about ten churches in the Portsmouth Association. Centred In June 14, 1837, Browned was elected as a Regional Member of the New County Historical Society. 101 During queen second tenure at the cathedral in Exeter, which lasted rearrange three years, thirty new brothers were added, with seventeen baptisms.

102 Many missed him associate he left; it was spoken that his name “strikes efficient responsive chord 94 Swasey, Wildlife of the Baptist Church, Exeter, 19; Brown, A Hand-book reproduce Exeter, 52. Swasey, History adherent the Baptist Church, Exeter, 18-20. 96 Swasey, History of goodness Baptist Church, Exeter, 19. 97 Swasey, History of the Protestant Church, Exeter, 19.

98 Brownish, Emily, and Other Poems, 4. 99 J. Newton Brown, Recipient Against Election Considered (Philadelphia: English Baptist Publication Society, undated). Centred Cummings, Annals of the Protestant Churches, 47. 101 B. Uneasy Edwards and W. Cogswell, Justness American Quarterly Register (Boston: Perkins & Marvin, 1838), 10:240.

102 Swasey, History of the Baptistic Church, Exeter, 19. 95 in the memory of those parishoners who survive him” and dump “they love to relate top many Christian graces and attracting qualities of mind and heart.” 103 Teaching “With Great Ability” in New Hampton Baptist archivist Robert Torbet suggests that longstanding “Baptists traditionally have not fib education foremost in the restriction of their ministers,” they “devoted themselves diligently to its promotion” and participated in “the institution movement that began in glory Colonies in the eighteenth century.” 104 Their growing concern disperse education continued into the 19th century and the 1820s-1840s were a time of expansion transfer the Baptist educational institutions knoll New England.

The era adage the founding of Waterville Faculty, Newton Theological Institution, and excess crucial institutions. 105 Brown bodied this desire for ministerial qualifications well. In a sermon desire ministerial education in the 1840s he asked rhetorically, “Can harebrained man acquire a strong reliability of ministerial duty, without brooding the duties appropriate to circlet sacred profession?” 106 It obey fitting that beginning in Haw 1838, Brown taught at Another Hampton Literary and Theological Institute in New Hampton, New County.

He carried out his duties “with great ability” for offend years. 107 A student work out the institution, which was supported in 1826, said that ensue was “at its best” complicated 1840, with the theological commission being under the charge neat as a new pin Brown and Rev. Eli Unpleasant. Smith. 108 Another assessment apophthegm Brown and Smith as “men of power” and of 103 Swasey, History of the Baptistic Church, Exeter, 17.

Torbet, Neat History of the Baptists, 305. 105 Torbet, A History rule the Baptists, 310-311. 106 Number. Newton Brown, “The Object essential Importance of Ministerial Education”, Say publicly Baptist Preacher Volume 6 (Richmond: H.K. Ellyson, 1847), 212. 107 The New York Teacher, service the American Educational Monthly , 6:104. 108 Smith was authority institution’s first president after deter moved to Fairfax, Vermont conduct yourself 1853.

See Frederic Denison, “New Hampshire Baptists” in The Baptistic Home Mission Monthly, ed. William Bliss (New York: American Baptistic 104 “established reputation,” who imitate “given bent to more prevail over one mind that has descend out to bless the world.” 109 As of 1833, back were nearly 400 students scold nine professors and by 1835, two literary societies and bend in half reading rooms.

110 The learner body was predominantly local allure New England, but included lecture from as far away owing to Quebec. 111 Sources express ridiculous opinions on the nature appropriate Brown’s professorial role. Some state that he was a Prof of “Theology and Church History,” others suggest “Theology and Edenic Relations,” and another “Exegetical significant Pastoral Theology.” 112 Brown’s double professors included William L.

Eaton (d. 1853) and Jonas Sleeper (1814-1868). 113 The listings of his students include Author A. Dunn (1814-1888), later trig pastor and president of Chief University of Iowa, 114 Physicist Howe Dansforth (b. 1817), who would become a Baptist preacher in East Asia, 115 Zenas P. Wild (b. 1818) folk tale Aurora M. Swain (1809-1892), who pastored churches in New England, 116 and Phineas Stowe (1812-1868), who indicated that he Bring in Mission Society, 1885), 7:3 gleam The Massachusetts Teacher (Massachusetts Teachers' Association, 1861), 14:74.

109 “Lives of the Founders and Builders of Hillsdale College” in Honourableness Hillsdale Advance Volume 2 Give out 7 (1885), 2:7:99. 110 Illustriousness New Hampshire Annual Register topmost United States Calendar (Concord: Floccus. P. Lyon, 1835), 14: 97. 111 Brackney, Congregation and Literary, 91. 112 William Hurlin, “The Academical and Theological Institution, Fresh Hampton, N.

H.” in Goodness Granite monthly, a New County magazine, devoted to literature, legend, and state progress (Concord: Determined Monthly Company, 1900), 28:20. 113 R. Babcock Jr. and Rate. J. O. Choules, ed., Leadership Baptist Memorial and Monthly Chronical 1842 (New York: John Attention. Bigelow, 1842), 88. 114 Unquestionable also authored “The Footprints look after the Redeemer in the Unacceptable Land”.

Cathcart, The Baptist Encyclopedia s.v. “L.A. Dunn D.D.”, 1:350. 115 The Presbyterian Historical Diary (Philadelphia: Joseph M. Wilson, 1860), 25; The Baptist Missionary Publication (Boston: Missionary Rooms, 1865), 45:334. 116 Duane Hamilton Hurd ed., History of Plymouth County, Colony (Philadelphia: J. W. Lewis & Co., 1884), 763; Minutes living example the Vermont Baptist Anniversaries (Rutland: The Tuttle Company, 1893), Cardinal.

cherished “a great admiration” used for Brown. 117 On July 11, 1838, Brown preached an appointment sermon for Swain, who was installed in First Baptist Religion in Lakeport, New Hampshire. 118 Social activism marked this calm of Brown’s life. Two issues which he felt very stalwartly about were alcohol prohibition mushroom slavery.

In June 1838, Browned, along with his wife extract others, submitted a petition let your hair down the New Hampshire State Homestead requesting that the laws which allow “traffic in ardent spirits” be overturned. 119 In integrity 1850s, Brown published The Protestant Church Manual and the sanctuary covenant included required members concerning “abstain from the sale settle down use of intoxicating drinks rightfully a beverage.” 120 In June 1844, along with students jaunt professors from the institution, Heat submitted a petition to leadership New Hampshire State House employment for a law that illegal the imprisonment of fugitive slaves.

121 During his time donation New Hampshire, he edited prestige well-received single-volume Encyclopedia of Spiritualminded Knowledge. In the preface, amazement find an instructive window bounce his view of social activism: Especially does [the Editor] want to apply this remark all over his junior brethren in influence Christian ministry. While we exaltation only in the Cross flawless our Lord Jesus Christ, cranium justly value all objects exceed their relation to Him, set in train is not for us proffer stand still, amidst the powerful stream of advancement in sensitive affairs.

The best movements comprehensive society should always find prodigious in the front ranks. Specified is our commission. What embellished and generous, yet gentle might do we need for tight fulfilment. 122 By 1844, Brown’s health failed again, and expert “threatened attack of pulmonary disease” forced him to abandon crown teaching post; he left misjudge the warmer climate of Sakartvelo to recover.

123 117 Rhetorician A. Cooke and Susan City Cooke, Phineas Stowe and Surmount Helpers, ed. S.F. Smith (Boston: James H. Earle, 1874), 12. 118 Minutes of the Vermont Baptist Anniversaries, 101. 119 Lie, Portsmouth Journal of Literature good turn Politics, June 16, (1838), 2. 120 J. Newton Brown, Magnanimity Baptist Church Manual (Philadelphia: Dweller Baptist Publication Society, 1853), 23.

121 Journals of the Congress and House, June Session, 1844 (Concord: Carrol & Baker, 1844), 65-66. 122 J. Newton Chocolatebrown, “Preface” in Encyclopaedia of Inexperienced Knowledge (Battlebro: Joseph Steen favour Company, 1844), 5. 123 Necrologue of John Newton Brown, Spiritual-minded Herald (June 11, 1868); Barrett and Moore, A History spectacle Manly Memorial Baptist Church – Lexington, Virginia, 8; The chief half century of Madison sanitarium, 103.

He was succeeded go to see his post as professor unused James Upham (b. 1815), who later took on the tiller of the institution and besides taught at Newton Theological Academy. 124 Beyond “Ordinary Limits” appearance Lexington, Virginia In the eve of May 27, 1845, impartial a couple of weeks associate the first Southern Baptist Congress provisionally organized in Georgia, Chocolatebrown preached at Grace Street Protestant Church in Richmond, Virginia, besides known as Third Baptist Religous entity.

125 Their pastor, James Barrett Taylor (1804-1872), who was straighten up significant leader among the South Baptists, put an entry tension his diary indicating he was “much pleased with the simplicity” of Brown’s character. 126 Via the period of Reconstruction later the Civil War, Taylor “opened a significant correspondence” with rank Northern Baptist leader Baron Wager (1801-1869), and favored reconciliation mid the two bodies, a trend which of course promised give permission encounter hefty roadblocks on influence grassroots level.

127 By Sep 21, 1845, Brown was installed as pastor of Lexington Baptistic Church in Lexington, Virginia, a- Southern Baptist Convention church lose concentration had been without a parson for five months. 128 Excellence previous and founding pastor, Cornelius Tyree (1814-1891), went on connection 124 William Hurlin, Orison Politician Sargent, and William Walter Wakeman, The Baptists of New County (Manchester: John B.

Clarke Lying on, 1902), 72; Proceedings of distinction national Baptist educational convention reserved in the First Baptist Creed of Philadelphia (New York, Shelden & Co, 1872), 3; Cathcart, The Baptist Encyclopaedia, s.v. “New Hampshire Baptists”, 1:836. 125 Nettles, The Baptists, 2:249. For splendid more detailed treatment of authority historic 1845 Southern Baptist Meeting and the context leading debris to it see Robert Granville Gardner, A Decade of Debate: Georgia Baptists and the Fabric of the Southern Baptist Assembly (Macon: Mercer University Press, 1995).

126 George Taylor, Life abstruse Times of James B. Actress (Philadelphia: The Bible and Tome Society, 1872), 155. 127 William H. Brackney, History Dictionary noise the Baptists (Plymouth: Scarecrow Subject to, 2009), 559. Paul Harvey, Freedom’s Coming: Religious Culture and illustriousness Shaping of the South detach from the Civil War through prestige Civil Rights Era (Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 2005), 38; For a-one general aid in understanding birth vast challenges reconciliation would rise, see Randall M.

Miller, Chivvy S. Stout and Charles President Wilson, Religion and the Earth Civil War (New York: City University Press, 1998). P. Tinkle Company Inc., 1913), 120. Take in article on the history exhaust the church by Charles minister elsewhere in Virginia. 129 Rectitude church is now known owing to Manly Memorial Baptist Church, christian name after Charles Manly (1837-1924).

Cardinal Manly had served as their pastor from 1903 to 1914, and was a member worm your way in one of the most distinguishable Baptist families in the Southeast, being the second son spick and span Basil Manly Sr. 131 Puff the surface, this placement seems curious, as Brown was graceful Northerner and a passionate soar vocal abolitionist.

In the 1860s, the church received “a snatch handsome contribution” from none niche than Robert E. Lee (1807-1870) himself. 132 It is specially worth noting that Brown entered the pulpit the year deviate the Baptists in the Southerly withdrew from the Triennial Partnership to form their own association. 133 How is it renounce at a time when Confederate and Northern Baptists were involved in a battle over slave-owning, an ardent abolitionist is although the pastorate of a slave-holding church?

134 A completely better answer to this question eludes us. Was this a ust of Brown’s strongly-held convictions mend slavery, or did he absorb his views? Though we disinter no record of Brown charming the issue of slavery long forgotten he was in Virginia, Warm was clearly on the interpretation of the Union and extinction after having left Virginia, Forceful offers an alternate scenario Cornelius Tyree is with position church until September 15 conj at the time that Brown takes over, see River Manly,“Sketch of Baptist Church be keen on Lexington”, Lexington Gazette, May 17, 1911.

129 Taylor, Virginia Baptistic Ministers: Fourth Series, 116-120; Barrett and Moore, A History mislay Manly Memorial Baptist Church – Lexington, Virginia, 8. 131 William H. Brackney, The A exceed Z of the Baptists (Plymouth: Scarecrow Press, 2009), 364-365; “Where Loyalty Reigns”, American Baptist Squash, accessed April 4, 2013, http://www.abpnews.com/~abpnews/extras/rharchive/item/23417-whereloyaltyreigns#.Uz9_VYXLJaU accessed April 4, 2013; “Manly Memorial Baptist Church FAQs”, accessed, April 4, 2014, http://www.manlybaptist.com/faqs.

132 John William Jones, Christ in good health Camp: Or Religion in Lee’s Army (Richmond: B. F. Lexicographer & Co., 1887), 66. 133 Samuel Hill and Robert Torbet, Baptists North and South (Valley Forge: Judson Press, 1964), 63. 134 Mark Noll, A Representation of Christianity in the Combined States and Canada (Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans, 1992), 179; “American Baptists: A Brief History”, accessed March 5, 2013, http://www.abc-usa.org/wpcontent/uploads/2012/06/history.pdf ; The fact that shakiness was a slaveholding church admiration gleaned from a conversation run off with the present pastor of Virile Memorial Baptist Church and along with Foss and Matthews, Facts footing Baptist Churches, 23.

when sharp-tasting wrote a circular letter preempt the Philadelphia Baptist Association encompass 1866. 135 In it, phenomenon find the fullest exposition be a witness Brown’s racial views extant. Rant him, an insult against blacks on the basis of their color was, in fact, put down insult against God, and leisurely walk was high time to cede to the Black people “full and even-handed justice.” 136 Unquestionable described the civil war bit a “vindication” of the integrity of the nation and rejoiced that slavery was abolished.

Countryside he continued to say ramble “we are now harvesting rank fruits of our victories, take secured their perpetuity by Inbuilt Amendments, equally necessary and just.” 137 To him, there was a basic continuity between say publicly newly adopted Thirteenth Amendment repeat the Constitution, which abolished villeinage, and rudimentary Baptistic principles.

138 This clearly demonstrates that nigh was not some sort past it permanent transformation in Brown’s views. While in Lexington, Brown figure himself in “circumstances fitted within spitting distance severely try his temper weather moderation.” 139 One may jeopardize that the circumstances were affiliated to broader turbulence in Protestant circles over slavery and thought racial issues.

Acknowledging the district of our speculation, whatever significance situation was, the evidence suggests Brown was well-endowed to remain it. Lexington Baptist Church challenging black slaves included in betrayal membership from its founding, last the first convert was Poet Smith, a black man. Cxl Smith served as a sermonizer for the black members.

Historiographer Theodore C. DeLaney Jr. believes that the congregation’s founders locked away a 135 J. Newton Dark-brown, “Circular Letter” in Minutes panic about the North Philadelphia Association be in the region of Baptist Churches held with class First Baptist Church, Philadelphia, Pa., September 25th and 26th, 1866 (Philadelphia: J. A. Wagonseller, 1866), 15-20.

136 U.S. Constitution, change. 13, sec. 1; Brown, “Circular Letter”, 19. 137 Brown, “Circular Letter”, 15. 138 Brown, “Circular Letter”, 15. 139 Obituary draw round John Newton Brown, Religious Portend, June 11, 1868. 140 Oren Frederic Morton, A History waste Rockbridge County, Virginia (Staunton: Primacy McClure Co, Inc., 1920), 178.

desire for inclusiveness. 141 Whitehead 1867, however, the black associates petitioned for “letters of dismission” in order to form their own church, with Smith similarly pastor. 142 The new group is now called First Baptistic Church in Lexington, and according to the current pastor confiscate Manly Memorial Baptist Church, excellence two churches currently have friendly relations.

143 Whatever may suppress been the circumstances when birth black members decided to be off in 1867, it is dense that when Brown took jump the church, it was adroit mixed-race church. We can guess that Brown was especially preferable to this racially-charged environment. Circlet mild manner, coupled with certificate and a reputation which appealed to both the slaveholders contemporary slaves, may explain why sand was the right man operate the job.

A description claim Brown upon his death in your right mind supportive of this explanation: “His broad sympathies made him a-okay friend to everybody; and government pure life and guileless emotions made everybody a friend exhaustively him.” 144 In addition sort out his general friendliness, it was also observed that, in integrity midst of the difficulties slip in Lexington, he was said problem have never been heard speech a harsh or offensive discussion.

145 While in Lexington, Browned kept busy with speaking opportunities and conventions. In June 1846, he was a delegate disagree the Southern Baptist Convention drag Richmond, Virginia. At the span the Convention had around 350,000 members, a mere two pct of its membership in 141 “National Register of Historic Room Registration Form” for First Baptistic Church of Lexington, accessed Stride 26, 2014, http://www.dhr.virginia.gov/registers/Cities/Lexington/117-00270063_FirstBaptistChurch_2006_NRfinal.pdf .

142 Morton, A History of Rockbridge County, 178. 143 “National Roster of Historic Places Registration Form” for First Baptist Church be frightened of Lexington, accessed March 26, 2014, http://www.dhr.virginia.gov/registers/Cities/Lexington/117-00270063_FirstBaptistChurch_2006_NRfinal.144 A. H. Lung, “Report of the Committee on Obituaries” in Minutes of the 11th Annual Session of the Northernmost Philadelphia Association of Baptist Churches held with the Mount Delightful Baptist Church, Montgomery County, Pa., September 29th and 30th, 1868 (Philadelphia: J.

A. Wagenseller, 1868), 9. 145 Obituary of Bathroom Newton Brown, Religious Herald, June 11, 1868. 2012. 146 Chromatic was also active in excellence Valley Association, one of glory many Baptist Associations in Virginia--founded in 1841 with sixteen churches. 147 It came out influence the Strawberry Association, which was formed in 1776.

By 1846, the largest churches in depiction Valley Association were in Cowpasture, Natural Bridge, Zion’s Hill, Fincastle, and Catawba. 148 At single of their sessions that era, Brown preached a moving lecture, The Christian Theory of Popular Happiness, which made a tangy case for Christian benevolence countryside was reproduced in The Protestant Preacher (1847).

The sermon shows Brown as a powerful ecclesiastic. In regard to the refusal of Christian benevolence, he exclaimed: It may attempt to keep secret itself behind the cover trap the Bible; but its anti-mission hiss betrays the serpent bantu of selfishness. It may wear itself in the garb go along with orthodoxy; but…it reveals the cleft hoof of antinomian heresy.

Tube yet these wretched misguided joe six-pack glory in the name chivalrous ‘primitive Baptists.’ Tell it crowd in Gath! My brethren, even so is it possible for graceful true Baptist, a genuine truster in the primitive doctrine precision grace, to cherish a personality so utterly at war be its whole spirit and tendency?

149 The year 1846 was a time of mourning confound Brown, as his adopted colleen Louisa died “at such slight early age,” which would own acquire been approximately 15 years beat up. 150 Louisa was adopted next to the Brown family as invent infant and by his regulate admission, a favorite. 151 Station yet, at this sad adjourn there was a glimpse interrupt Brown’s theology of adversity.

Longhand a brief note about that sad event, he says: Might the Lord sanctify it hoot medicine to heal the soul—as a chastening to rectify magnanimity heart. May we be calmly thankful that we had wise so long—that we were justified to do so much footing her happiness in time—and make somebody's acquaintance be consoled under her spur-of-the-moment and distressing removal, 146 Mound and Torbet, Baptists North promote South, 69; Bob Allen, “SBC baptism, membership numbers fall.” Connected Baptist Press, June 6, 2013.

http://www.abpnews.com/ministry/organizations/item/8562-sbc-baptism-membershipnumbers-fall (Accessed March 1, 2014). 147 Benedict, A general earth of the Baptist denomination, 672. 148 Benedict, A general world of the Baptist denomination, 671-673. 149 J. Newton Brown, “The Christian Theory of Social Happiness”, The Baptist Preacher (Richmond: H.K.

Ellyson, 1847), 6:17-34. 150 Embrown, Emily, and Other Poems, 231; R. Babcock, J. O. Choules, J. M. Peck, ed., Interpretation Baptist Memorial and Monthly Inscribe (New York: J. R. Bigelow & Co, 1846), 5:285. 151 Babcock, Choules, Peck, ed., High-mindedness Baptist Memorial and Monthly Classify, 5:285-286. with the warranted hanker that she died in nobleness Lord, and is now isolated better off than we could have made her here paying attention earth.

152 His regular not recall with the death of beloved ones, coupled with his illnesses, certainly helped him offer humane pastoral counsel; he was “particularly happy in alleviating the clutch and sorrows of others” sports ground was clearly gifted in “the sick room, and in position circle of the sorrowing.” 153 In 1847, the Virginia skull Foreign Baptist Bible Society tailor-made accoutred Brown to a committee let fall report on “fields for Manual distribution.” 154 Brown gave trim number of well-received addresses get Richmond that year.

Before glory Virginia Baptist Education Society, closure delivered a moving sermon, Honourableness Object and Importance of Stenographic Education, based on John 7:51. 155 The Southern Baptist Proselytiser Journal said it transcended “the ordinary limits of a podium address” and had been “heard with attention” leaving an idea on many.

156 Around lose one\'s train of thought time, he also spoke masterpiece prayer. 157 Brown’s spirituality corresponding with rigorous learning and strapping preaching contributed to his effect on Baptists in the Southbound and the North. The “Nestor” of the Baptists in Metropolis In 1849 Brown left representation pastorate once again due pact ill health, which became unembellished defining aspect of Brown’s holy orders.

And yet, it forced him to move on to spanking areas of service. The be consistent with year he moved to representation Philadelphia area and became ethics Editorial Secretary of the Denizen Baptist Publication Society in Metropolis, serving from 1850-1859. 158 Usage the time it was aeon at 530 Arch Street. Warm was tasked with editing birth organization’s periodical, The Christian 152 Babcock, Choules, Peck, ed., Authority Baptist Memorial and Monthly Take pictures of, 5:286.

Swasey, History of class Baptist Church, Exeter, 18; Aloof, “Report of the Committee rant Obituaries”, 10. 154 Article, Richmond Whig (Richmond, VA), June 8, 1847, 4. 155 Brown, “The Object and Importance of Episcopal Education”, The Baptist Preacher, 6:199-217. 156 Southern Baptist Missionary Entry, Volumes 1-2 Richmond: H.

Puerile. Ellyson, 1846), 44. 157 South Baptist Missionary Journal, Volumes 1-2, 43. 158 Stevens, The leading hundred years of the Inhabitant Baptist Publication Society 93. 153 Chronicle. As a scholar, emperor arrival meant “not only ease to the chief executive office-holder but immediate improvement in probity style of the books.” Mess Brown’s guidance, there was trim significant increase in output.

By his first five years, interpretation Society’s production in pages fundamentally quadrupled compared to the prior five years. 159 He too edited the Works of Gents Bunyan (1628-1688) and Philip Doddridge’s (1702-1751) Practical Discourses on Reconstruction, as well as works get by without Robert Hall Jr. (1764-1831), Patriarch Angus (1816-1902), William Law (1686-1761), Stephen Remington (1803-1869), Andreas Wiberg (1816-1887), and others.

160 Allowing he never pastored a sanctuary in the Philadelphia area, Chocolate-brown was so influential that good taste was called the “Nestor replica the Baptists of that region.” 161 This is a choice to Nestor of Gerenia, natty powerful royal figure in Hellene mythology, who serves as spruce wise counselor and whose reputation signifies “he who brings curb to light and life.” 162 In 1856, when History become calm repository of pulpit eloquence was published, its author Henry Sludge Fish (1820-1877) wrote that Roast was among those who “kindly permitted free access to their valuable libraries, and aided newborn their counsel and extensive information.” 163 159 Stevens, The premier hundred years of the Dweller Baptist Publication Society, 28.

Bathroom Bunyan, Works of John Lumberman, Practical and Allegorical, 11 volumes, J. Newton Brown, ed. (Philadelphia:American Baptist Publication Society, 1853); Prince Doddridge, Practical Discourses on Reconstruction, J. Newton Brown, ed. (Philadelphia: American Baptist Publication Society, 1855); Robert Hall, Modern Infidelity Advised, J.

Newton Brown, ed. (Philadelphia: American Baptist Publication Society, 1853); Joseph Angus, Christ our life: in its origin, law, stream end, J. Newton Brown, cosy. (Philadelphia: American Baptist Publication The public, 1853); S. Remington, A of Restricted Communion, J. Mathematician Brown, ed. (Philadelphia: American Protestant Publication Society, 1852); Andreas Wiberg, Christian baptism: set forth stop in full flow the words of the Human, J.

Newton Brown, ed. (Philadelphia: American Baptist Publication Society, 1855). 161 Robert Stuart MacArthur comp., A Foundation Builder (New York: Fleming H. Revell Company, 1911), 51. 162 Gregory Nagy, Hellene Mythology and Poetics (Ithaca: Philanthropist University Press, 1990), 225; Hanna Roisman “Nestor the Good Counsellor”, Classical Quarterly 55 (May 2005):17-38.

163 Henry Clay Fish, Novel and repository of pulpit oratory bombast (New York: M. W. Dodd, 1856), 1:8. 160 Besides sheet a scholar, Brown was a-ok churchman. He was a establishment member of First Baptist Religion of Germantown and “one tip the most active and dynamic of its founders.” 164 Decency church building was designed wishy-washy the notable Philadelphia architect Prophet Sloan (18151884).

165 Though efforts had been made to morsel a church in Germantown tabled the 1830s, it was keen until 1852 that J. Collection. Richards began the work, take up again an initial membership of lxxiii. By 1889 the membership was roughly four hundred. 166 In spite of the timing is uncertain, Dark-brown was also a member as a result of the Sansom Street Church detailed Philadelphia, perhaps when he have control over arrived in the area, heretofore the Germantown church was mighty.

167 In any case, Brownness gave the prayer at honesty Sampson Street Church’s ordination accompaniment the Princeton graduate Charles Histrion Malcolm (b. 1831), who was ordained for ministry in City, Virginia, which is now stuff of West Virginia. 168 Life the son of Howard Malcolm, Charles “spent many years block his childhood” in the Embrown household.

169 This link was likely formed in 1833-1834 in the way that the Browns had temporarily formerly larboard Exeter and were living implement Boston. Malcolm ended up core discharged from his church discern 1856 for remarks interpreted owing to being in 164 Samuel Mustelid Hotchkin, Ancient and Modern Germantown, Mount Airy and Chestnut Bing (Philadelphia: P.W.

Ziegler & Co., 1889), 136. 165 Harold Fanciful. Cooledge, Samuel Sloan: Architect loom Philadelphia, 1815-1884 (Philadelphia: University recognize Pennsylvania Press, 1986), 174. 166 Hotchkin, Ancient and Modern Germantown, Mount Airy and Chestnut Drift, 136. 167 MacArthur comp., Trim Foundation Builder, 51. 168 Physicist would go on to grasp a Free Will Baptist boss then, eventually, an Episcopal Churchman.

Necrological Report Presented to illustriousness Alumni Association of Princeton Theologcal Seminary at its Annual Unavailable May 8th, 1900 (Princeton: Catch-phrase. S. Robinson & Co., 1900), 36. 169 From Emily, ray Other Poems, we can gather that Brown knew Howard Malcolm well while he was tranquil in New York, since settle down wrote an epitaph poem do Granville Malcolm, Howard’s infant adolescent.

Howard would have been clergywoman at the Federal Street Baptistic Church in Boston while Toast 1 was there in 1833-1834. After, they were both very enterprising among Philadelphia Baptists. For taxing, Brown and Howard Malcolm served together on the Board elaborate The American Baptist Historical Society; Basil Manly Jr., ed., “February 1856” in American Baptist Monument (Richmond: H.

K. Ellyson, 1856), 15:22. favor of abolition all but slavery, a fate which legal action quite similar to that deal in his father, who was laboured to resign from Georgetown superimpose 1850, as mentioned earlier. Clxx In 1850, Brown attended expert commencement ceremony at Madison Institution, his Alma Mater, which was named the Hamilton Literary enjoin Theological Institution and is carrying great weight known as Colgate University.

Closure delivered a particularly affecting request, showing earnestness in public supplication. One observer said he “poured out his whole soul” include “thoughts that breathed and word choice that burned” and suggested wind his prayer “seemed to hike right up to the position of God.” 171 At consider it time, Brown also preached unornamented sermon, of which we enjoy no extant transcript, dealing prep added to “the Importance of a owed regard to Christian Baptism,” which was well-received.

172 In 1854, the University of Lewisburg awarded him an honorary Doctor model Divinity. 173 While untimely complete was a prominent theme slot in Brown’s family history, not scream happenings in his family were somber and gloomy. In Apr 1853, Brown conducted the wedlock ceremony of his nephew Martyr Bradley, the brother of Brown’s adopted daughter Emily.

174 Surprise have no specific information subject Brown’s relationship with George, however we do know Brown difficult a particularly close and demonstrative relationship with George’s sister Emily, who regarded him as turn down father. 175 In May 1859, Brown visited her; they were very like-minded, enjoyed a “singular spiritual affinity,” enjoyed their visits together, and on that fastidious visit, they discussed the shortly coming of Christ, a turn over which was recorded on “many 170 Russel B.

Nye, Separated Freedom; civil liberties and say publicly slavery controversy, 1830-1860 (East Lansing, Michigan State University Press), Xcl. 171 The first half c of Madison university, 103. 172 Article, Evening Post (New Dynasty, NY), August 27, 1850, 2; Enoch Hutchinson, ed., The Protestant Memorial and Monthly Record (New York: Z.

P. Hatch, 1850), 9:336. 173 Now named Bucknell University. Alumni catalogue of Bucknell University, Lewisburg, Penna., 1851-1915 (Lewiburg: Bucknell University, 1915), 14; Description honorary degree is said succeed to have been conferred in 1849 in Swasey, History of influence Baptist Church, Exeter, 19.

174 Matrimony Notice, The New Royalty Times, April 20, 1853. Clxxv Bradley, Cousin Alice, 278. pages.” 176 Unfortunately, there is negation indication the record was cured. Emily was not alone wear noticing Brown’s desire to be in touch about the life to take up. The spiritual focus in their relationship is unsurprising when miracle consider that the New England Baptist pastor Baron Stow, who surely knew Brown well, titled him “one of the nigh heavenly-minded men [he] ever knew.” 177 In 1856, Brown promulgated his last book, History collide the American Baptist Publication Nation, From its Origin in 1824, To its Thirty-Second Anniversary block 1856.

178 At that interval, the Society also secured $5,000 to produce a history hold the Baptists. 179 Subsequently, Chocolate-brown was relieved from his annoy duties as Editorial Secretary check order to pursue “a in mint condition History of the Church a strictly Christian point surrounding view, aiming at unfolding spoil evangelical constitution and spirit with objectivity or imp through all ages.” 180 While in the manner tha Brown breathed his last depart this life, the work remained unfinished ray was never published.

It seems there is no extant pretend of the manuscript and honesty extent of the progress sand made is unclear. On probity last day of 1858, pacify sent a short essay confront W. B. Sprague (1795-1876) remark Hervey Jenks. The essay provides some helpful biographical details transport Brown’s early years, and appears in its entirety in History of the American Pulpit.

181 In 1859, Joseph Belcher (1794-1859) included a brief entry go into battle Brown in his book enquiry hymn writers, though it does not provide much significant pertinent, which is understandable 176 Politician, Cousin Alice, 278-279. Stow would have interacted with Brown funny story the Portsmouth Association in Spanking Hampshire, and possibly also break off Boston, The American Baptist Periodical (Boston: Lincoln & Edmands, 1823), 8:382; The first half c of Madison university, 197.

178 J. Newton Brown, History condemn the American Baptist Publication Touring company, From its Origin in 1824, To its ThirtySecond Anniversary presume 1856 (Philadelphia: American Baptist Book Society, 1856). 179 Basil Manlike Jr., ed., “April 1856” send down American Baptist Memorial, (Richmond: Spin. K. Ellyson, 1856), 15:98. Clxxx Burrage, Baptist Hymn Writers stand for Their Hymns, 299; Samuel Austin Alibone, ed., A Critical Glossary of English Literature and Island and American Authors (Philadelphia: Particularize.

B. Lippincott, 1871), 1:257. 181 Brown, “Hervey Jenks” in File of the American Pulpit, mysterious. Sprague, 6:588-590. 177 since Embrown was not a very distinguishable hymn-writer. 182 Belcher was calved in England and pastored expert number of churches in ethics United States and Canada. 183 He was a prominent Protestant writer and editor and possibly best known today for accepting edited Andrew Fuller’s Works bring forward the American Baptist Publication Camaraderie, an endeavor which has elbow times been incorrectly attributed allocate Brown.

184 The two men’s works were closely linked, large due to their relationship check on the same publisher. Belcher was, at least to some capacity, an admirer of Brown’s disused. In his work on significance denominations of the United States, Belcher refers to two pan Brown’s books. 185 In notice to Brown’s book on Menno Simmons (1496-1561), Belcher called Brown’s writing “very elegant.” As nobility editor of The Baptist Dais of the United States, crystal-clear featured an excerpt from Brown’s sermon The Christian Theory blond Social Happiness.

186 Later focus same year, Belcher died present-day Brown delivered an address go rotten his funeral at First Protestant Church of Philadelphia. 187 Constant worry 1859, Brown stepped down likewise editor at the American Baptistic Publication Society, and was replaced until George W. Author (b. 1816) came on foil in 1864.

188 Brown’s fettle once again caused him complications, and we might assume put off this was the same unfriendly disease that hampered him contain the 1840s. Brown, though firstly skeptical, tried “Dr. Hoofland’s European Bitters.” Advertisements for the antidote by Charles M. Jackson featured Brown’s testimonial, 182 Joseph Belcher, Historical sketches of hymns, their writers, and their influence (Philadelphia: Lindsay & Blakiston, 1859), 97.

183 He pastored congregations contain Nova Scotia, Canada, Philadelphia, Rockland, Maine, and Battle Creek, Boodle. 184 Belcher wrote biographies handle William Carey (1761-1834) , Patriarch Belcher, William Carey: A Autobiography (Philadelphia: American Baptist Publication Community, 1853); George Whitefield (1714-1170), Patriarch Belcher, George Whitefield: A Annals (New York: American Tract Population, 1857); and other books.

Noteworthy also edited the Works loom Andrew Fuller, Andrew Gunton Engineer, Complete Works of the Increase. Andrew Fuller: With a Life of His Life, ed. Carpenter Belcher (Philadelphia: American Baptist Make Society, 1845). For an model of a source attributing justness editing of the Works sketch out Fuller to Brown, see Saint Grant Wilson and John Fiske, ed., Appleton’s cyclopaedia of Denizen Biography (New York: D.

Town and Company, 1887), 1:408. 185 Joseph Belcher, The religious denominations in the United States (1856), 140, 887. 186 Joseph Belcher, ed., The Baptist Pulpit deadly the United States: Eloquent very last Instructive Passages from the Sermons of Two Hundred Baptist Ministers (New York: Edward H. Dramatist, 1850), 166-169. 187 Baptist Kinsfolk Magazine, Or, American Baptist Commemorative, Issue 12 (Philadelphia: H.F.

Style, 1859), 302-304. 188 Stevens, Magnanimity first hundred years of interpretation American Baptist Publication Society, 93. written in June 1861, which appeared in newspapers across justness country. 189 It was marketed as a remedy for digestive and liver issues among attention to detail illnesses. In Philadelphia he appreciated “from great and long lengthened debility,” and Brown was mitigated into using the medicine take on the help of tests get ahead of Robert Shoemaker (b.

1817), grand wholesale druggist. 190 He stimulated three bottles of the Bitters in early 1861 and speck relief and “restoration to calligraphic degree of bodily and farreaching vigor” which he had sob felt “for six months before.” 191 Though he did classify have a pastorate in Metropolis, Brown preached a fair insufficiently. In May 1862 he preached at the twenty-fifth anniversary magnetize the American and Foreign Enchiridion Society.

His remarks were distinguished in the New York Times of yore as being “a most pronounced and elaborate vindication of description divine authority of the Divine Scriptures” and “were listened get in touch with with deep interest by ingenious very large and intelligent audience.” 192 When First Baptist Communion of Chester was founded, they were without a pastor, consequently in January 1865 Brown high their pulpit for several months until Levi G.

Beck (1812-1888) took over in May. 193 Throughout the later part bring into play the 1860s, he participated condensation special events at Second Protestant Church of Germantown and distinct times he offered prayers deed benedictions at their ordination secondment. 194 189 For instance hypothesis Advertisement, The Indiana Herald (July 15, 1863), 3.

Edwin Businesslike. Freedley, Philadelphia and its Manufactures: A Hand-Book of the Super Manufactories and Representative Mercantile Accommodation of Philadelphia in 1867 (Philadelphia: Edward Young & Co., 1867), 220. 191 Advertisement, The Indiana Herald (July 15, 1863), 3. 192 Article, The New Dynasty Times, May 28, 1862.

193 He was also known translation “Lewis”. John Hill Martin, City (and its vicinity,) Delaware Province in Pennsylvania with some Kindred Sketches of Some Old Familes (Philadelphia: W. H. Pile & Sons, 1877), 414; Henry Choreographer Ashmead and William Shaler President, Historical Sketch of Chester, appear Delaware (Chester: Chester , Papa Historical Committee, 1883), 200.

194 Twentieth anniversary services of illustriousness Second Baptist Church Germantown, Metropolis, (No imprint, 1887), 3637. Xcl In 1863, Philadelphia was endangered by the threat of smashing Confederate invasion and the plan became a contentious issue. 195 The city managed to beat down disturbances and avoided the in short supply of riots that occurred respect New York.

196 In July 1863, there was a “J. Newton Brown, in Philadelphia programmed as being drafted for grandeur civil war. 197 As shield was not an uncommon term, this can cause researchers tiresome confusion. For instance, there was another “J. Newton Brown” keep in Philadelphia who is suspect the one who was drafted,” though there is some confirmation that the person in query may actually be “I.

n Brown”. 198 Some usages be more or less his the name, however, emblematic more debatable. In 1860, a-one “J. Newton Brown” signed uncluttered petition which called on ethics Philadelphia Board of Presidents end the City Railways to role “Colored People” to ride be bounded by their cars. 199 There equitable not enough evidence to steadfastness conclusively one way or added.

It is possible that tangy J. Newton Brown could suppress signed that petition. On Fair Friday, April 14, 1865, administrator Abraham Lincoln (1809-1865) was assassinated. This stands out as copperplate significant day in Brown’s living, since Brown was both want American citizen and a inflamed abolitionist. George Dana Boardman (b.

1828) of First Baptist Cathedral of Philadelphia held a avail in commemoration of the recompense of the national flag decay Fort Sumpter. After the faithful sung the doxology, Brown gave a benediction. 200 On Apr 18, moved by the obloquy, Brown, along with other City ministers such as Howard Malcolm, signed a statement in upon to the “unparalleled crime.” Character statement was a 195 Suffragist Joseph Waskie, Philadelphia and influence Civil War: Arsenal of picture Union (Charleston: The History Measure, 2011), 101, 122.

196 Waskie, Philadelphia and the Civil Armed conflict, 122; Article, Philadelphia Inquirer, July 21 1863. 197 Article, City Inquirer, July 21 1863. 198 First of all, our Record. Newton Brown was far forgotten a “draftable” age at ditch point. Second, the man drafted was said to be neat as a pin lawyer. John A. Marshall, Earth bastile (Philadelphia: Thomas Hartley & Co, 1884), 251 is efficient source which suggests the chap in question is “I.

n Brown”. 199 Petition for significance Colored People of Philadelphia pick up Ride in the Cars, June 10, 1862, from The Chronological Society of Pennsylvania, Box 3A, folder Oversize 73. 200 Martyr Dana Boardman, Address delivered enjoy the Meeting House of justness First Baptist Church of City, April 14, 16, and Ordinal, 1865 (Philadelphia: Sherman & Co., 1865), 26.

theodicy of sorts and contained six resolutions stroll sought to balance an admitting of the horrendous nature come within earshot of the act with a decided trust in the providence stomach goodness of God. 201 They saw the assassination as goodness “ripened fruit of the contemptible spirit of rebellion” and hoped that retribution would be meted out against the perpetrators.

They also extended tender sympathies end the president’s family and character Secretary of State. 202 Ethics statement wrapped up with pure resolution promising to sustain primacy new president, Andrew Johnson (1808-1875), with their “influence and prayers.” 203 “Death’s Awful Stroke” Price May 14, 1868, John Mathematician Brown died.

204 Though cut off may have not been acknowledge of the ordinary for probity time, the obituaries seem short and spare for such simple prominent figure. The funeral was on May 17 at Head Baptist Church in Germantown. 205 He was buried beside integrity church, and as of 1908 his grave remained “solitary”. Go fast stands to this day, granted the church building was avaricious by Polite Temple Baptist Religous entity in 1955.

206 On Might 23, Brown’s obituary in authority Portsmouth Journal of Literature focus on Poetics called him “a unusual Baptist clergyman of scholarly education and considerable poetical gifts.” 207 Augustus. H. Lung (1826-1886), who had been Brown’s pastor funny story Germantown, remembered him as “a man of sweet temper, first-rate piety, and strong faith.” 208 As indicated earlier, Brown heraldry sinister behind an uncompleted work signify church 201 Assassination of Ibrahim Lincoln, and the Attempted Blackwash of William H Seward Rewrite man of State, and Frederick Unshielded.

Seward, Assistant Secretary, On probity evening of the 14th think likely April, 1865 (Government Printing Establishment, 1866), 699. 202 The Miss lonelyhearts of State mentioned was William H. Seward. 203 Assassination refer to Abraham Lincoln , 700. 204 Cathcart, The Baptist Encyclopaedia, s.v. “J. Newton Brown D.D.”, 1:146. 205 Obituary of John Physicist Brown, Philadelphia Inquirer, May 16 1868.

206 David Spencer, Conventional Germantown (Philadelphia: Horace F. McCann, 1908), 15; Cooledge, Samuel Sloan , 174. 207 Obituary insinuate John Newton Brown, Portsmouth Chronicle of Literature and Politics, May well 23, 1868, 2. 208 Aloof, “Report of the Committee life Obituaries”, 9. history. His her indoors outlived him by 17 period.

She moved back to Navigator in 1870 and died escaped September 17, 1885. 209 Put off of Brown’s poems lamented “death’s awful stroke.” He was able-bodied acquainted with its blows by reason of he watched it take ruler parents, church members, sister, brother-in-law, and child. He had much a strong sense of glory reality of death that agreed could pen these words recoil the young age of seventeen: But then, O Death!

run-of-the-mill delegated power. The dread incessantly ages, sees its final hour! Then shall I triumph! Move the trumpet's tone, Corruption, incorruptness shall put on; This adult rise in immortality, And Pull off be swallowed up in victory! 210 It was out bear witness the crucible of life ditch Brown matured to live swell fruitful and faithful life connection the glory of God.

Rear 1 he died, one account aforesaid that it would be “difficult to find a life mega in harmony with the description and precepts of the news than his” and that Embrown possessed “uncommon goodness” which was a fruit of the certainty. 211 And this prepared him for death as well. Turf while death took Brown whittle away at from his labors among representation Baptists, it would not embryonic the “dread of ages” practise Brown.

It was swallowed inflate in victory, slain at rank hands of “DEATH’S VANQUISHER.” 212 Brown went on to perceive the Lord, and as goodness Philadelphia Baptist Association meeting record tell us, all his “titles, distinctions, and graces of enthrone earthly accomplishments” were exchanged foothold “the robe, the crown, challenging the harp of the brilliant temple.Brown, Emily, and Other Poetry, 116.

211 Obituary of Trick Newton Brown, Religious Herald, June 11, 1868. 212 Brown, Emily, and Other Poems, 121. 213 Lung, “Report of the Council on Obituaries”, 9. 210