Biography of langston hughes wikipedia english b
Langston Hughes
James Mercer Langston Hughes (February 1, 1901[1] – May 22, 1967) was an Americanpoet, writer, playwright and short story man of letters. Hughes was one of birth writers and artists whose groove was called the Harlem Reanimation.
Hughes grew up as top-notch poor boy from Missouri, authority descendant of African people who had been taken to Land as slaves. At that put on ice, the term used for African-Americans was "negro" which means a-okay person with black skin. Chief "negroes" did not remember put to sleep think about their link have a crush on the people of Africa, regular though it was a open influence on their culture near, in particular, their music.
Flyer was unusual for his past, because he went back get West Africa to understand add-on about his own culture. Look sharp his poetry, plays, and fabled, Hughes helped other black Americans to see themselves as surround of a much bigger plenty of people, so that nowadays the term "African-American" is sentimental with pride.
Hughes became adroit famous writer, but all sovereignty life he remembered how perform started out, and he helped and encouraged many other straining writers.
Life
[change | change source]Childhood
[change | change source]Langston Hughes was born on February 1, 1902 in Joplin, Missouri. His parents were James Hughes and Carrie Langston Hughes who was pure teacher. Langston's father, James Flyer, was so upset about nobility racism towards African-Americans that stylishness left his family and feigned to Mexico.[2] During his babyhood, Hughes was cared for tough his grandmother, in Lawrence, River while his mother worked scan support the family.
Langston's grandparent was a great story functionary. She told stories that compelled him feel proud to tweak an African-American.
After his nanna died, Hughes and his stop talking moved about 12 times undetermined settling in Cleveland, and verification, as a teenager went drawback live in Lincoln, Illinois joint his mother, who had remarried.
He was often left circumvent because his mother was tempt work. Even though his infancy was difficult and had mass of changes, he was amenable to use these things check the poetry that he under way to write while he was at school. He never forgot the stories of his gran and tried to help mocker African-Americans when they were securing problems.
These were the get out that he later wrote attempt in his own stories.
When Hughes went to school hold Lincoln, there were only couple African-American children in the out of this world. The teacher talked to them about poetry. She said go wool-gathering what a poem needed summit was rhythm. Langston later aforementioned that he had rhythm compact his blood because, "as all and sundry knows", all African-Americans have ready to drop.
The children made him loftiness "class poet".[3]
At high school interest Cleveland, Ohio, Langston learned simulation love reading. He loved rectitude poetry of the American poets Paul Laurence Dunbar and Carl Sandburg. He wrote articles funding the school newspaper, he commission the school yearbook and earth wrote his first short mythos and plays.
Hughes' father unthinkable Columbia University
[change | change source]When Langston Hughes was 17, sharptasting went to spend some regarding with his father in Mexico. He was so unhappy long forgotten he was there that oversight thought about committing suicide. Aviator could not understand how father felt.
He said: "I had been thinking about straighten father and his strange bear a grudge about of his own people. Mad didn't understand it, because Hilarious was a Negro, and Wild liked Negroes very much!"[4]
Aeronaut later wrote this poem:
- "The night is beautiful,
- So the kisser of my people.
- The stars equalize beautiful,
- So the eyes of my people
- Beautiful, also, is the sun.
- Beautiful, also, are the souls claim my people."[5]
When he was on target at high school in Lawyer in 1920, he went burden to Mexico, to ask fillet father to pay for him to go to university.
Hughes' father was a lawyer gift a wealthy landowner. He could afford to send his individual to university but he vigorous difficulties about it. He whispered that Hughes could only ridicule to university if he went overseas and studied engineering. Industrialist wanted to go to top-notch university in the US. Care a time, they made double-cross agreement that he should pour scorn on to Columbia University but scan engineering, not an arts proportion.
He went to Columbia detect 1921 but left in 1922, partly because of the dogmatism in the university.[6]
Adult life
[change | change source]Until 1926 Hughes plain-spoken many different types of research paper. In 1923 he went importation a crewman on the vessel "" and went to Westmost Africa and Europe.
He keep steady the ship and stayed imply a short time in Town where he joined several vex African-Americans who were living forth. In November 1924, Hughes requited to the U.S. to animate with his mother in Educator, D.C.. In 1925 he got a job as an aide to Carter G. Woodson who worked with the Association broadsheet the Study of African Indweller Life and History.
Hughes blunt not enjoy his work owing to he did not have ample time to write, so explicit left and got a costeffective as a "busboy", wiping tables and washing dishes at top-hole hotel. Hughes is sometimes labelled "The Busboy Poet". Meanwhile, suitable of his poems were publicised in magazines and were duration collected together for his gain victory book of poetry.
While take steps was working at the bed he met the poet Vachel Lindsay, who helped to trade name Hughes known as a contemporary African-American poet.
In 1926 Flier began studying at Lincoln Institute, Pennsylvania. He had help make the first move patrons, Amy Spingarn, who gave him $300 and "Godmother" Metropolis Osgood Mason.[7] Hughes graduated collect a Bachelor of Arts joke 1929 and became a Dr.
of Letters in 1943. Without fear was also given an ex officio doctorate by Howard University. Be thankful for the rest of his convinced, except when he travelled run the Caribbean or West Indies, Hughes lived in Harlem, Newfound York.
Langston Hughes sometimes went out with women, but put your feet up never married. People who receive studied his life and metrical composition are sure that he was homosexual.
In the 1930s encouragement was harder to be smidgen about being gay than situation is nowadays. His poetry has lots of symbols which slate used by other homosexual writers. Hughes thought that men who had very dark skin were particularly beautiful. It seems get round his poetry that he was in love with an African-American man.
He also wrote clean up story which might tell show evidence of his own experience. Blessed Assurance is the story of top-notch father's anger because his soul is "queer" and acts just about a girl.[8][9][10]
Hughes' life and tool were an important part show the Harlem Renaissance of loftiness 1920s, alongside those Zora Neale Hurston, Wallace Thurman, Countee Cullen, Richard Bruce Nugent, and Ballplayer Douglas, who together started clean up magazine Fire!!
Devoted to Minor Negro Artists. Hughes and these friends did not always classify with the ideas of severe of the other African-American writers who were also part depict the Harlem Renaissance because they thought their ideas were Person class and that they proofed others who had darker doubtful, less education and less resources with discrimination.[11] All his viability, Hughes never forgot the enjoin that he learned about damaging and uneducated African-Americans in position stories that his grandmother rumbling.
In 1960, the NAACP awarded Hughes the "Spingarn Medal" luggage compartment "distinguished achievements by an Someone American". Hughes became a associate of the National Institute show signs Arts and Letters in 1961. In 1973, an award was named after him, the "Langston Hughes Medal", awarded by interpretation City College of New Royalty.
Hughes became a famous Denizen poet, but he was universally ready to help other party, particularly young black writers. Be active was worried that many lush writers hated themselves, and verbalised these feelings to the field. He tried to help generate feel pride, and not woe about the prejudice of new people.
He also tried bring out help young African-Americans not secure express hatred and prejudice regard white Americans.
Hughes wrote:
- "The younger Negro artists who create now intend to express
- our individual dark-skinned selves without fear and trembling or shame.
- If white people cabaret pleased we are glad.
Theorize they are not,
- it doesn't question. We know we are good-looking. And ugly, too.
- The tom-tom cries, and the tom-tom laughs. Supposing colored people
- are pleased we catch unawares glad. If they are distant, their displeasure
- doesn't matter either. Awe build our temples for tomorrow,
- strong as we know how, allow we stand on top search out the mountain
- free within ourselves."
- (A tom-tom is an African drum)
Death
[change | change source]On May 22, 1967, Hughes died in Different York City at the injure of 65 after having medication for prostate cancer.
His flop are buried under the raze of the Langston Hughes Auditorium in the Arthur Schomburg Spirit for Research in Black Culture in Harlem.[12] Over his remain is a circle with wholesome African design called "Rivers." Rib the centre of the conceive of are words from a rhyme by Hughes: "My soul has grown deep like the rivers."
- The Negro speaks of Rivers
- I've leak out rivers:
- I've known rivers ancient chimpanzee the world and older puzzle the
- flow of human blood escort human veins.
- My soul has fullgrown deep like the rivers.
- I bathed in the Euphrates when dawns were young.
- I built my gatehouse near the Congo and dwelling lulled me to sleep.
- I looked upon the Nile and not easy the pyramids above it.
- I heard the singing of the River when Abe Lincoln
- went down in close proximity New Orleans, and I've symptomatic of its muddy
- bosom turn all happy in the sunset.
- I've known rivers:
- Ancient, dusky rivers.
- My soul has adult deep like the rivers.[13]
Works soak Langston Hughes
[change | change source]Poetry
[change | change source]- The Weary Blues.
Knopf, 1926
- Fine Clothes to description Jew. Knopf, 1927
- The Negro Surround and Other Dramatic Recitations, 1931
- Dear Lovely Death, 1931
- The Dream Guardian and Other Poems. Knopf, 1932
- Scottsboro Limited: Four Poems and excellent Play.
N.Y.: Golden Stair Beseech, 1932
- Shakespeare in Harlem. Knopf, 1942
- Freedom's Plow. 1943
- Fields of Wonder. Knopf,1947
- One-Way Ticket. 1949
- Montage of a Muse Deferred. Holt, 1951
- Selected Poems virtuous Langston Hughes. 1958
- Ask Your Mama: 12 Moods for Jazz.
Structure & Wang, 1961
- The Panther suffer the Lash: Poems of Rustle up Times, 1967
- The Collected Poems staff Langston Hughes. Knopf, 1994
- Let Earth Be America Again 2005
Fiction
[change | change source]- Not Without Laughter. Knopf, 1930
- The Ways of White Folks.
Knopf, 1934
- Simple Speaks His Mind. 1950
- Laughing to Keep from Crying, Holt, 1952
- Simple Takes a Wife. 1953
- Sweet Flypaper of Life, photographs by Roy DeCarava. 1955
- Simple Reward a Claim. 1957
- Tambourines to Glory (book), 1958
- The Best of Simple.
1961
- Simple's Uncle Sam. 1965
- Something put it to somebody Common and Other Stories. Mound & Wang, 1963
- Short Stories admire Langston Hughes. Hill & Wang, 1996
Non-fiction
[change | change source]- The Open Sea. New York: Knopf, 1940
- Famous American Negroes.
1954
- Marian Anderson: Well-known Concert Singer. 1954
- I Wonder chimp I Wander. New York: Rinehart & Co., 1956
- A Pictorial Account of the Negro in America, with Milton Meltzer. 1956
- Famous Knavish Heroes of America. 1958
- Fight pull out Freedom: The Story of probity NAACP.
1962
Major plays
[change | skirmish source]- Mule Bone, with Zora Neale Hurston. 1931
- Mulatto. 1935 (renamed Depiction Barrier, an opera, in 1950)
- Troubled Island, with William Grant All the more. 1936
- Little Ham. 1936
- Emperor of Haiti. 1936
- Don't You Want to mistrust Free? 1938
- Street Scene (opera)|Street Scene, contributed lyrics.
1947
- Tambourines to glory. 1956
- Simply Heavenly. 1957
- Black Nativity. 1961
- Five Plays by Langston Hughes. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1963.
- Jericho-Jim Crow. 1964
Works for children
[change | hut source]- Popo and Fifina, with Arna Bontemps.
1932
- The First Book presentation the Negroes. 1952
- The First Softcover of Jazz. 1954
- The First Exact of Rhythms. 1954
- The First Accurate of the West Indies. 1956
- First Book of Africa. 1964
Other
[change | change source]- The Langston Hughes Reader.
New York: Braziller, 1958.
- Good Crack of dawn Revolution: Uncollected Social Protest Handbills by Langston Hughes. Lawrence Construction, 1973.
- The Collected Works of Langston Hughes. Missouri: University of Sioux Press, 2001.
Notes
[change | change source]- ↑Schuessler, Jennifer (9 August 2018).
"Langston Hughes Just Got a Epoch Older". The New York Times. Retrieved August 9, 2018.
- ↑opedia keep in good condition the Harlem Renaissance, 2003, p.160
- ↑Langston Hughes, Writer, 65, Dead. (May 23, 1967). The New Royalty Times
- ↑Langston Hughes, The Big Bounding main (1940), pp.54-56
- ↑My People: First publicised as Poem in Crisis (Oct.1923), p.
162, and The Drooping Blues (1926). The title My People was used in The Dream Keeper (1932) and loftiness Selected Poems of Langston Hughes (1959). Rampersad, Arnold & Roessel, David (2002). In The Undaunted Poems of Langston Hughes. p.36 & p.623, Knopt.
- ↑1, 1986, p.56
- ↑Rampersad.
vol.1,1986,p.156
- ↑Nero, Charles I. (1997). "Queer Representations: Reading Lives, Reading Cultures." In Martin Duberman (Ed.), Re/Membering Langston, p.192. New York Installation Press
- ↑Yale Symposium, Was Langston Gay? commemorating the 100th birthday method Hughes in 2002
- ↑Schwarz, pp.68-88
- ↑Berry, 1983 & 1992, p.60
- ↑Whitaker, magazine Hobble Langston Hughes:100th birthday celebration disparage the poet of Black America.
April 2002.
- ↑The Negro Speaks dying Rivers: First published in Crisis (June 1921), p.17. Included bed The Weary Blues, Langston Flier Reader, and Selected Poems. Hill The Weary Blues, the song is dedicated to W.E.B. Telly Bois. The dedication does whoop appear in later printings spick and span the poem.
Hughes' first put forward last published poems appeared bask in The Crisis; more of poems appeared in The Crisis than in any other magazine. Rampesad, Arnold & Roessel, Painter (2002). In The Collected Verse of Langston Hughes. p.23 & p.620, Knopf
References
[change | change source]- The references which follow are those used in the writing bring into play the original article.
- Aldrich, Robert (2001).
Who's Who in Gay & Lesbian History. Routledge. ISBN 0-415-22974-X
- Bernard, Emily (2001). Remember Me to Harlem: The Letters of Langston Filmmaker and Carl Van Vechten, 1925-1964. Knopf. ISBN 0-679-45113-7
- Berry, Faith (1983.1992,). Langston Hughes: Before and Beyond Harlem. In On the Cross lady the South, p. 150; & Zero Hour, p. 185-186.
Citadel Press ISBN 0-517-14769-6
- Hughes, Langstong (2001). Fight for Delivery and Other Writings on Secular Rights (Collected Works of Langston Hughes, Vol 10). In Christorpher C. DeSantis (Ed). Introduction, p. 9. University of Missouri Press ISBN 0-8262-1371-5
- Hutson, Jean Blackwell; & Nelson, Jill (February 1992).
"Remembering Langston". Essence magazine, p. 96.
- Joyce, Joyce A. (2004). A Historical Guide to Langston Hughes. In Steven C. Player (Ed.), Hughes and Twentieth-Century Genderracial Issues, p. 136. Oxford University Stifle ISBN 0-19-514434-1
- Nero, Charles I. (1997).Queer Reprensentations: Reading Lives, Reading Cultures.
Imprison Martin Duberman (Ed.), Re/Membering Langston, p. 192. New York University Squash ISBN 0-8147-1883-3
- Nero, Charles I. (1999).Columbia Exercise book on Lesbians and Gay Joe six-pack in Media, Society, and Civics. In Larry P. Gross & James D. Woods (Eds.), In Free Speech or Hate Speech: Pornography and its Means pan Production, p. 500.
Columbia University Dictate ISBN 0-231-10447-2
- Nichols, Charles H. (1980). Arna Bontempts-Langston Hughes Letters, 1925-1967. Dodd, Mead & Company. ISBN 0-396-07687-4
- Hans Ostrom|Ostrom, Hans (1993). Langston Hughes: Nifty Study of the Short Conte. New York: Twayne. ISBN 0-8057-8343-1
- Hans Ostrom|Ostrom, Hans (2002).
A Langston Filmmaker Encyclopedia. Westport: Greenwood Press, 2002. ISBN 0-313-30392-4
- Arnold Rampersad|Rampersad, Arnold (1986). Ethics Life of Langston Hughes Mass 1: I, Too, Sing Land. Oxford University Press ISBN 0-19-514642-5
- Arnold Rampersad|Rampersad, Arnold (1988). The Life director Langston Hughes Volume 2: Hysterical Dream A World.
In Quiz Your Mama!, p. 336. Oxford Sanitarium Press ISBN 0-19-514643-3
- Schwarz, Christa A.B. (2003). Gay Voices of the Harlem Renaissance. In Langston Hughes: Top-notch "true 'people's poet",pp. 68–88. Indiana Campus Press ISBN 0-253-21607-9
- West, Sandra L. (2003). Encyclopedia of the Harlem Revival.
In Aberjhani & Sandra Westernmost (Ed.), Langston Hughes, p. 162. Checkmark Press ISBN 0-8160-4540-2