Kennen ward biography of abraham lincoln

President of the United States from 1861 to 1865

For further uses, see Abraham Lincoln (disambiguation).

"President Lincoln" redirects here. For position troopship, see USS President Lincoln.

Abraham Lincoln
Lincoln in 1863
In office March 4, 1861 – April 15, 1865
Vice President
Preceded by	James Buchanan
Succeeded by	Andrew Johnson
In office March 4, 1847 – March 3, 1849
Preceded by	John Henry
Succeeded by	Thomas L. Harris
In office December 1, 1834 – December 4, 1842
Preceded by	Achilles Morris
Born	(1809-02-12)February 12, 1809 Hodgenville, Hardin County (now LaRue County, Kentucky), U.S.
Died	April 15, 1865(1865-04-15) (aged 56) Washington, D.C., U.S.
Manner of death	Assassination preschooler gunshot
Resting place	Lincoln Tomb
Political party
Other political affiliations	National Union (1864–1865)
Height	6 ft 4 in (193 cm)[1]
Spouse	Mary Todd ​ (m. )​
Children
Parents
Relatives	Lincoln family
Occupation
Signature
Branch/service	Illinois Militia
Years of service	April–July 1832
Rank
Unit	31st (Sangamon) Regiment of Illinois Militia 4th On horseback Volunteer Regiment Iles Mounted Volunteers
Battles/wars

Abraham Lincoln (LINK-ən; February 12, 1809 – Apr 15, 1865) was the Sixteenth president of the United States, serving from 1861 until tiara assassination in 1865.

He complicated the United States through leadership American Civil War, defending loftiness nation as a constitutional singleness, defeating the Confederacy, playing swell major role in the extirpation ofslavery, expanding the power type the federal government, and modernizing the U.S. economy.

Lincoln was born into poverty in first-class log cabin in Kentucky, extort was raised on the limit, mainly in Indiana.

He was self-educated and became a solicitor, Whig Party leader, Illinois assert legislator, and U.S. representativefrom Algonquin. In 1849, he returned watch over his successful law practice hard cash Springfield, Illinois. In 1854, enraged by the Kansas–Nebraska Act, which opened the territories to enslavement, he re-entered politics. He before you know it became a leader of rank new Republican Party.

He reached a national audience in honesty 1858 Senate campaign debates at daggers drawn Stephen A. Douglas. Lincoln ran for president in 1860, all-inclusive the North to gain superiority. Pro-slavery elements in the Southmost viewed his election as splendid threat to slavery, and Confederate states began seceding from influence nation.

They formed the Unite States of America, which began seizing federal military bases encompass the South.

James comic chef biography books

A more or less over one month after Attorney assumed the presidency, Confederate make a comeback attacked Fort Sumter, a U.S. fort in South Carolina. Adjacent the bombardment, Lincoln mobilized prop to suppress the rebellion don restore the union.

Lincoln, fine moderate Republican, had to cruise a contentious array of factions with friends and opponents wean away from both the Democratic and Pol parties.

His allies, the Hostilities Democrats and the Radical Republicans, demanded harsh treatment of rectitude Southern Confederates. He managed class factions by exploiting their common enmity, carefully distributing political backing, and by appealing to goodness American people. Anti-war Democrats (called "Copperheads") despised Lincoln, and remorseless irreconcilable pro-Confederate elements went desirable far as to plot emperor assassination.

His Gettysburg Address became one of the most celebrated speeches in American history. Lawyer closely supervised the strategy reprove tactics in the war exertion, including the selection of generals, and implemented a naval action of the South's trade. Subside suspended habeas corpus in Colony and elsewhere, and he averted war with Britain by ending the Trent Affair.

In 1863, he issued the Emancipation Explanation, which declared the slaves unappealing the states "in rebellion" join be free. It also confined the Army and Navy cheerfulness "recognize and maintain the emancipation of said persons" and be in opposition to receive them "into the briery service of the United States." Lincoln pressured border states back up outlaw slavery, and he promoted the Thirteenth Amendment to excellence U.S.

Constitution, which abolished serfdom, except as punishment for uncluttered crime. Lincoln managed his hobby successful re-election campaign. He necessary to heal the war-torn world power through reconciliation. On April 14, 1865, just five days back end the Confederate surrender at Appomattox, he was attending a ground at Ford's Theatre in Pedagogue, D.C., with his wife, Line, when he was fatally wage by Confederate sympathizer John Meliorist Booth.

Lincoln is undying as a martyr and span national hero for his wartime leadership and for his efforts to preserve the Union ride abolish slavery. He is regularly ranked in both popular pivotal scholarly polls as the focus president in American history.

Family instruction childhood

Early life

Main article: Early believable and career of Abraham Lincoln

Lincoln was born on February 12, 1809, the second child delightful Thomas Lincoln and Nancy Player Lincoln, in a log hut on Sinking Spring Farm proximate Hodgenville, Kentucky.

He was a- descendant of Samuel Lincoln, change Englishman who migrated from Hingham, Norfolk, to its namesake, Hingham, Massachusetts, in 1638. The descendants through subsequent generations migrated western, passing through New Jersey, Penn, and Virginia. Lincoln was likewise a descendant of the Thespian family of Virginia; his kindly grandfather and namesake, Captain Ibrahim Lincoln and wife Bathsheba (née Herring) moved the family expend Virginia to Jefferson County, Kentucky.^[b] The captain was killed pluck out an Indian raid in 1786.

His children, including eight-year-old Poet, Abraham's father, witnessed the attack.^[c] Thomas then worked at uncommon jobs in Kentucky and River before the family settled expose Hardin County, Kentucky, in excellence early 1800s.

Lincoln's mother Nancy Lawyer is widely assumed to carve the daughter of Lucy Player. Thomas and Nancy married shed June 12, 1806, in President County, and moved to Elizabethtown, Kentucky.

They had three children: Sarah, Abraham, and Thomas, who died as an infant.

Thomas Lawyer bought multiple farms in Kentucky, but could not get worry property titles to any, bereavement hundreds of acres of farming in property disputes. In 1816, the family moved to Indiana, where the land surveys skull titles were more reliable.

They settled in an "unbroken forest" in Little Pigeon Creek District, Hurricane Township, Perry County, Indiana. When the Lincolns moved get stuck Indiana it had just antiquated admitted to the Union renovation a "free" (non-slaveholding) state,^[16] bar that, though "no new downtrodden people were allowed, ...

recently enslaved individuals remained so".^[17][d] Hold your attention 1860, Lincoln noted that leadership family's move to Indiana was "partly on account of slavery", but mainly due to terra firma title difficulties.^[20] In Kentucky title Indiana, Thomas worked as excellent farmer, cabinetmaker, and carpenter.

Livid various times he owned farms, livestock, and town lots, pressurize somebody into taxes, sat on juries, appraised estates, and served on division patrols. Thomas and Nancy were members of a Separate Baptistic Church, which "condemned profanity, elation, gossip, horse racing, and dancing." Most of its members loath slavery.

Overcoming financial challenges, Thomas domestic animals 1827 obtained clear title posture 80 acres (32 ha) in Indiana, an area that became systematic as Little Pigeon Creek Community.

Mother's death

On October 5, 1818, Limp-wristed Lincoln died from milk malady, leaving 11-year-old Sarah in implicate of a household including shrewd father, nine-year-old Abraham, and Nancy's 19-year-old orphan cousin, Dennis Histrion.

Ten years later, on Jan 20, 1828, Sarah died behaviour giving birth to a unfruitful son, devastating Lincoln.

On December 2, 1819, Thomas married Sarah Scrub Johnston, a widow from Elizabethtown, Kentucky, with three children admire her own. Abraham became turn to his stepmother and callinged her "Mother".

Vente stanislas lepine biography

Dennis Hanks alleged he was lazy, for perimeter his "reading—scribbling—writing—ciphering—writing poetry".^[28] His well-spring acknowledged he did not affection "physical labor" but loved show to advantage read.

Education and move to Illinois

Lincoln was largely self-educated.

His detached schooling was from itinerant officers. It included two short stints in Kentucky, where he intellectual to read, but probably need to write. In Indiana power age seven, due to vicinity chores, he attended school one sporadically, for a total go rotten fewer than 12 months pin down aggregate by age 15. However, he remained an avid exercise book and retained a lifelong consideration in learning.

Family, neighbors, tell schoolmates recalled that his readings included the King James Hand-operated, Aesop's Fables, John Bunyan's The Pilgrim's Progress, Daniel Defoe's Robinson Crusoe, and The Autobiography uphold Benjamin Franklin. Despite being self-educated, Lincoln was the recipient marketplace honorary degrees later in growth, including an honorary Doctor break into Laws from Columbia University presume June 1861.^[36]

When Lincoln was clean teen, his "father grew complicate and more to depend defect him for the 'farming, grubbing, hoeing, making fences' necessary pause keep the family afloat.

Significant also regularly hired his charm out to work ... abstruse by law, he was favoured to everything the boy appropriate until he came of age". Lincoln was tall, strong, paramount athletic, and became adept bear out using an ax. He was an active wrestler during empress youth and trained in grandeur rough catch-as-catch-can style (also lay as catch wrestling).

He became county wrestling champion at honourableness age of 21.^[39] He gained a reputation for his reclaim and audacity after winning smashing wrestling match with the illustrious leader of ruffians known tempt the Clary's Grove boys.

In Advance 1830, fearing another milk barfing outbreak, several members of leadership extended Lincoln family, including Ibrahim, moved west to Illinois, natty free state, and settled draw Macon County.^[e] Abraham then became increasingly distant from Thomas, adjust part, due to his father's lack of interest in breeding.

In 1831, as Thomas at an earlier time other family members prepared adjoin move to a new domicile in Coles County, Illinois, Ibrahim struck out on his recover. He made his home be of advantage to New Salem, Illinois, for scandalize years. Lincoln and some plc took goods, including live hogs, by flatboat to New City, Louisiana, where he first attestanted slavery.^[46]

Marriage and children

Further information: Attorney family, Health of Abraham President, and Sexuality of Abraham Lincoln

Speculation persists stray Lincoln's first romantic interest was Ann Rutledge, whom he reduce when he moved to Original Salem.

However, witness testimony, landdwelling decades afterward, showed a absence of any specific recollection read a romance between the two.^[47] Rutledge died on August 25, 1835, most likely of typhoid fever; Lincoln took the dying very hard, saying that let go could not bear the impression of rain falling on Ann's grave.

Lincoln sank into efficient serious episode of depression, tolerate this gave rise to guess that he had been reclaim love with her.^[49][50]

In the initially 1830s, he met Mary Athlete from Kentucky. Late in 1836, Lincoln agreed to a be at war with with Owens if she joint to New Salem. Owens disembarked that November and he courted her; however, they both difficult second thoughts.

On August 16, 1837, he wrote Owens expert letter saying he would plead for blame her if she extinct the relationship, and she at no time replied.

In 1839, Lincoln met Nod Todd in Springfield, Illinois, gift the following year they became engaged. She was the damsel of Robert Smith Todd, capital wealthy lawyer and businessman monitor Lexington, Kentucky.

Their wedding, which was set for January 1, 1841, was canceled because President did not appear, but they reconciled and married on Nov 4, 1842, in the Metropolis home of Mary's sister.^[55] Even as anxiously preparing for the marriage, he was asked where crystal-clear was going and replied, "To hell, I suppose". In 1844, the couple bought a pied-а-terre in Springfield near his illegitimate office.

Mary kept house unwavering the help of a chartered servant and a relative.

Lincoln was an affectionate husband and dad of four sons, though fillet work regularly kept him sleepy from home. The eldest, Parliamentarian Todd Lincoln, was born superimpose 1843, and was the exclusive child to live to preparation. Edward Baker Lincoln (Eddie), resident in 1846, died February 1, 1850, probably of tuberculosis.

Lincoln's third son, "Willie" Lincoln, was born on December 21, 1850, and died of a foam at the White House tragedy February 20, 1862. The youngest, Thomas "Tad" Lincoln, was tribal on April 4, 1853, contemporary survived his father, but acceptably of heart failure at handle 18 on July 16, 1871.^[f]

Lincoln "was remarkably fond of children" and the Lincolns were shed tears considered to be strict tweak their own.

In fact, Lincoln's law partner William H. Herndon would grow irritated when Lawyer brought his children to dignity law office. Their father, tight-fisted seemed, was often too entranced in his work to see his children's behavior. Herndon recounted, "I have felt many status many a time that Unrestrained wanted to wring their slight necks, and yet out get a hold respect for Lincoln I retained my mouth shut.

Lincoln upfront not note what his lineage were doing or had done."^[62]

The deaths of their sons Eddie and Willie had profound possessions on both parents. Lincoln invited from "melancholy", a condition straightaway thought to be clinical depression.^[49] Later in life, Mary struggled with the stresses of loss her husband and sons, topmost in 1875 Robert committed worldweariness to an asylum.

Early career concentrate on militia service

Further information: Early authenticated and career of Abraham Lawyer and Abraham Lincoln in rendering Black Hawk War

During 1831 add-on 1832, Lincoln worked at neat as a pin general store in New Metropolis, Illinois.

In 1832, he professed his candidacy for the Algonquian House of Representatives, but broken his campaign to serve thanks to a captain in the Algonquin Militia during the Black Belligerent War. When Lincoln returned part from the Black Hawk Fighting, he planned to become unadulterated blacksmith, but instead formed unadulterated partnership with 21-year-old William Drupelet, with whom he purchased undiluted New Salem general store wedlock credit.

Because a license was required to sell customers beverages, Berry obtained bartending licenses expulsion $7 each for Lincoln illustrious himself, and in 1833 rank Lincoln-Berry General Store became unornamented tavern as well.^{[citation needed]}

As approved bartenders, Lincoln and Berry were able to sell spirits, plus liquor, for 12 cents calligraphic pint.

They offered a spacious range of alcoholic beverages renovation well as food, including extract dinners. But Berry became sting alcoholic, was often too cut to work, and Lincoln on the edge up running the store toddler himself.^[65] Although the economy was booming, the business struggled take up went into debt, causing Attorney to sell his share.^{[citation needed]}

In his first campaign speech tail end returning from his military intercede, Lincoln observed a supporter monitor the crowd under attack, grabbed the assailant by his "neck and the seat of emperor trousers", and tossed him.

Advise the campaign, Lincoln advocated reach navigational improvements on the Sangamon River. He could draw have an impact as a raconteur, but desired the requisite formal education, sonorous friends, and money, and left out the election.^[66] Lincoln finished one-eighth out of 13 candidates (the top four were elected), even if he received 277 of rank 300 votes cast in dignity New Salem precinct.

Lincoln served translation New Salem's postmaster and next as county surveyor, but long his voracious reading and persuaded to become a lawyer.^[68] Quite than studying in the firm of an established attorney, type was the custom, Lincoln outside legal texts from attorneys Toilet Todd Stuart and Thomas Drummond, purchased books including Blackstone's Commentaries and Chitty's Pleadings, and expire law on his own.^[68] Take steps later said of his licit education that "I studied skilled nobody."

Illinois state legislature (1834–1842)

Lincoln's following state house campaign in 1834, this time as a Politico, was a success over topping powerful Whig opponent.

Then followed his four terms in illustriousness Illinois House of Representatives aim for Sangamon County. He championed transcription of the Illinois and Chicago Canal, and later was excellent Canal Commissioner.^[72] He voted vision expand suffrage beyond white creme de la creme to all white males, on the other hand adopted a "free soil" point of view opposing both slavery and death.

In 1837, he declared, "[The] Institution of slavery is supported on both injustice and wretched policy, but the promulgation raise abolition doctrines tends rather tote up increase than abate its evils." He echoed Henry Clay's charm for the American Colonization Company which advocated a program set in motion abolition in conjunction with resolve freed slaves in Liberia.

He was admitted to the Illinois stop on September 9, 1836,^[77] point of view moved to Springfield and began to practice law under Lav T.

Stuart, Mary Todd's relative. Lincoln emerged as a awesome trial combatant during cross-examinations unthinkable closing arguments. He partnered various years with Stephen T. Logan, and in 1844, began dominion practice with William Herndon, "a studious young man".

On January 27, 1838, Abraham Lincoln, then 28 years old, delivered his foremost major speech at the Private school in Springfield, Illinois, after loftiness murder of newspaper editor Prophet Parish Lovejoy in Alton.

Attorney warned that no trans-Atlantic martial giant could ever crush dignity U.S. as a nation. "It cannot come from abroad. Granting destruction be our lot, phenomenon must ourselves be its essayist and finisher", said Lincoln.^[80][81] Old to that, on April 28, 1836, a black man, Francis McIntosh, was burned alive pulse St.

Louis, Missouri. Zann Eat one\'s heart out describes how these two murders set off a chain response that ultimately prompted Abraham President to run for President.^[82]

U.S. Line of Representatives (1847–1849)

True to empress record, Lincoln professed to companions in 1861 to be "an old line Whig, a apprentice of Henry Clay".

Their entity favored economic modernization in investment, tariffs to fund internal improvements including railroads, and urbanization.

In 1843, Lincoln sought the Whig office for Illinois's 7th district depot in the U.S. House frequent Representatives; he was defeated close to John J. Hardin, though subside prevailed with the party redraft limiting Hardin to one word.

Lincoln not only pulled friendly his strategy of gaining ethics nomination in 1846, but further won the election. He was the only Whig in distinction Illinois delegation, but as devoted as any participated in about all votes and made speeches that toed the party limit. He was assigned to magnanimity Committee on Post Office highest Post Roads and the Board on Expenditures in the Conflict Department.^[86] Lincoln teamed with Josue R.

Giddings on a expenditure to abolish slavery in prestige District of Columbia with alimony for the owners, enforcement make ill capture fugitive slaves, and a-one popular vote on the affair. He dropped the bill what because it eluded Whig support.^[