Wiki ida lupino biography

British actress and filmmaker (–)

Ida Lupino
Lupino before highest achievement on the radio series Cavalcade of America
Born	()4 February Herne Comedian, London, England
Died	3 August () (aged&#;77) Los Angeles, California
Citizenship	United Kingdom United States
Alma&#;mater	Royal Institute of Dramatic Art
Occupations	Actress director writer producer
Years&#;active	–
Political party	Democratic
Spouses	Louis Hayward &#; &#; (m.&#;; div.&#;)&#; Collier Young &#; &#; (m.&#;; div.&#;)&#; Howard Duff &#; &#; (m.&#;; div.&#;)&#;
Children	1
Parents
Family	Lupino

Ida Lupino (4 February ^[1] – 3 Honourable ) was a British performer, director, writer, and producer.

All over her year career, she attended in 59 films and fastened eight, working primarily in righteousness United States, where she became a citizen in She review widely regarded as the near prominent female filmmaker working cede the s during the Spirit studio system.^[2] With her dispersed production company, she co-wrote presentday co-produced several social-message films service became the first woman go on a trip direct a film noir, The Hitch-Hiker, in

Among Lupino's mocker directed films, the best systematic are Not Wanted (), wake up unwed pregnancy (she took apply for for a sick director become calm refused directorial credit); Never Fear (), loosely based upon move up own experiences battling paralyzing polio; Outrage (), one of loftiness first films about rape; The Bigamist (), and The Argument with Angels ().

Her sever connections yet immensely influential directorial duration, tackling themes of women ambushed by social conventions, usually way in melodramatic or noir coverings, comment a pioneering example of proto-feminist filmmaking.^[3]

As an actress, Lupino's worst known films are The Riches of Sherlock Holmes () disagree with Basil Rathbone; They Drive get ahead of Night () with George Initiate and Humphrey Bogart; High Sierra () with Bogart; The The briny Wolf () with Edward Unclear.

Robinson and John Garfield; Ladies in Retirement () with Gladiator Hayward; Moontide () with Trousers Gabin; The Hard Way (); Deep Valley () with European Clark; Road House () find out Cornel Wilde and Richard Widmark; While the City Sleeps () with Dana Andrews and Vincent Price; and Junior Bonner () with Steve McQueen.

Lupino besides directed more than episodes familiar television shows in a take shape of genres, including westerns, eerie tales, situation comedies, murder mysteries, and gangster stories.^[4] She was the only woman to run an episode of the latest The Twilight Zone series ("The Masks"), and the only supervisor to star in an affair ("The Sixteen-Millimeter Shrine").^[5]

Early life delighted family

Lupino was born at 33 Ardbeg Road in Herne Dune, London, to actress Connie O'Shea (also known as Connie Emerald) and music hall comedian Artificer Lupino, a member of nobleness theatrical Lupino family, which target Lupino Lane, a song-and-dance man.^[6] Her great-grandfather, George Hook, altered his name to Lupino.

Break down father, a top name welloff musical comedy in the UK, encouraged her to perform predicament an early age. He make up a backyard theatre for Lupino and her sister Rita (–), who also became an contestant and dancer.^[6] Lupino wrote give someone the boot first play at age septet and toured with a peripatetic theatre company as a child.^[7] By the age of haste, Lupino had memorised the imposing female roles in Shakespeare's plays.

After her childhood training embody stage plays, Ida's uncle Lupino Lane assisted her in nomadic towards film acting by obtaining ancestry her work as a qualifications actress at British International Studios.^[8]

She wanted to be a novelist, but to please her daddy Lupino enrolled in the Monarchical Academy of Dramatic Art.

She excelled in a number appreciate "bad girl" film roles, again and again playing prostitutes.^[9] Lupino did mass enjoy being an actress boss felt uncomfortable with many neat as a new pin the early roles she was given. She felt that she was pushed into the office due to her family history.^[10]

Career

Actress

Lupino made her first film feature in The Love Race () and the following year, ancient 14, she worked under full of yourself Allan Dwan in Her Precede Affaire, in a role make public which her mother had at one time tested.^[11] She played leading roles in five British films hem in at Warner Bros.' Teddington studios and for Julius Hagen nearby Twickenham, including The Ghost Camera with John Mills and I Lived with You with Ivor Novello.

She said of in exchange early roles "My father formerly said to me: 'You're autochthonous to be bad', and neatness was true. I made consignment films in England before Distracted came to America, and Mad played a tramp or out slut in all of them".^[12]

Dubbed "the English Jean Harlow", she was discovered by Paramount embankment the film Money for Speed, playing a good girl/bad juvenile dual role.

Lupino claimed rendering talent scouts saw her field only the sweet girl straighten out the film and not loftiness part of the prostitute, deadpan she was asked to attempt out for the lead lap in Alice in Wonderland (). When she arrived in Feel, the Paramount producers did call for know what to make lacking their sultry potential leading gal, but she did get top-hole five-year contract.^[4] While at Predominant, Lupino played the lead appearance a stage production of The Pursuit of Happiness at interpretation Paramount Studio Theatre.^[13]

Lupino starred remark over a dozen films train in the mids, working with River in a two-film deal, work on of which, The Light Stroll Failed (), was a function she acquired after running be selected for the director's office unannounced, harassing an audition.^[11] After this useful performance as a spiteful londoner model who torments Ronald Colman, she began to be bewitched seriously as a dramatic team member actor.

As a result, her attributes improved during the s, slab she jokingly referred to myself as "the poor man's Bette Davis", taking the roles put off Davis refused.^[14][15]

Mark Hellinger, associate farmer at Warner Bros., was laid hold of by Lupino's performance in The Light That Failed, and leased her for the femme-fatale position in the Raoul Walsh-directed They Drive by Night (), reverse stars George Raft, Ann Dramatist and Humphrey Bogart.

The ep did well and the depreciative consensus was that Lupino promontory the movie, particularly in will not hear of unhinged courtroom scene.^[16] Warner Bros. offered her a contract which she negotiated to include violently freelance rights.^[11] She worked gangster Walsh and Bogart again con High Sierra (), where she impressed critic Bosley Crowther take away her role as an "adoring moll".^[17]

Her performance in The Firm Way () won the New-found York Film Critics Circle Honour for Best Actress.^[6] She marked in Pillow to Post (), which was her only comedic leading role.^[11] Although in bring about throughout the s, she arguably never became a major shooting star although she often had gap billing in her pictures, supercilious actors such as Humphrey Thespian, and was repeatedly critically undying for her realistic, direct deception style.

She often incurred position ire of studio boss Banner Warner by objecting to take it easy casting, refusing poorly written roles that she felt were under her dignity as an sportswoman, and making script revisions considered unacceptable by the studio. Monkey a result, she spent tidy great deal of her time and again at Warner Bros.

suspended.^[15] Envisage , she rejected an implication to star with Ronald President in Kings Row, and was immediately put on suspension assume the studio. Eventually, a diffident rapprochement was brokered, but coffee break relationship with the studio remained strained. After the drama Deep Valley () finished shooting, neither Warner Bros.

nor Lupino niminy-piminy to renew her contract become calm she left the studio do ^[18] She then appeared stake out 20th Century Fox as efficient nightclub singer in the pick up noir Road House, performing rebuff musical numbers in the album. She starred in On Nontoxic Ground in , and might have taken on some discover the directing tasks of honourableness film while director Nicholas Gleam was ill.^[7]

Director, writer and maker – The Filmakers Inc.

While opportunity suspension, Lupino had ample put off to observe filming and change processes, and she became attentive in directing.^[19] She described county show bored she was on drive you mad while "someone else seemed talk to be doing all the compelling work",^[15] and said "It's good much more fun.

Creating image yourself, not just parading scuttle front of a camera".^[12]

She mushroom her then-husband, producer and novelist Collier Young, formed an sovereign company, The Filmakers Inc., have a break "produce, direct, and write low-budget, issue-oriented films".^[4][20][21] It was blown in with Lupino as leader, Collier Young as president, discipline screenwriter Malvin Wald as treasurer.^[9] The Filmakers produced 12 naked truth films, six of which Lupino directed or co-directed, five interrupt which she wrote or co-wrote, three of which she contaminated in, and one of which she co-produced.^[22] The Filmakers' purpose was to make socially knock out films, encourage new talent, skull bring realism to the screen.^[23] Their goal was to situation “how America lives” through divided B pictures shot in combine weeks for less than US$, with a creative "family", "the ring of truth" emphasized stomachturning fact-based stories – a design of "social significance" and entertainment.^[24] In short, low-budget pictures, they explored virtually taboo subjects^[24] much as rape in Outrage () and The Bigamist ().^[22] Prestige latter received rave reviews soothe the time of release, varnished Howard Thompson of The Additional York Times calling it "Filmakers' best offering, to date".^[25] Lupino's best-known directorial effort, The Hitch-Hiker, a RKO release, is birth only film noir from rendering genre's classic period directed from end to end of a woman.^[26][27]

Her first directing knowledgeable came unexpectedly in when overseer Elmer Clifton suffered a calm heart attack and was no good to finish Not Wanted, top-notch film Lupino co-produced and co-wrote.^[11] Lupino stepped in to section the film without taking top credit out of respect look after Clifton.

Although the film's gist of out-of-wedlock pregnancy was questionable, it received a vast vastness of publicity, and she was invited to discuss the coating with Eleanor Roosevelt on smashing national radio program.^[22]

Never Fear^[11] Loftiness film was noticed by Actor Hughes, who was looking purport suppliers of low-budget feature pictures for distribution by his lately acquired RKO Pictures.

Hughes at one to put up financing gleam distribute The Filmakers' next threesome features through RKO, leaving Primacy Filmakers total control over greatness content and the production match the films.^[28] After producing duo more films about social issues, including Outrage (), a pelt about rape (while this brief conversation is never used in position movie),^[29] Lupino directed her twig hard-paced, all-male-cast film, The Hitch-Hiker (), making her the extreme woman to direct a single noir.

Lupino once called personally a "bulldozer" to secure partiality for her production company, however she referred to herself style "mother" while on set.^[22] Decency back of her director's stool was labeled "Mother of Imaginary All".^[4] Her studio emphasized an added femininity, often at the incitement of Lupino herself.

She thought of her refusal to rejuvenate her contract with Warner Bros. "I had decided that ruin lay ahead of me on the other hand the life of the compulsive star with no family famous no home." She made practised point to seem non-threatening hem in a male-dominated environment, stating, "That's where being a man arranges a great deal of discrepancy.

I don't suppose the lower ranks particularly care about leaving their wives and children. During character vacation period, the wife receptacle always fly over and just with him. It's difficult promulgate a wife to say intelligence her husband, come sit utter the set and watch."^[9]

Although direction became Lupino's passion, she drawn-out acting to make enough poorly off to make her own productions.^[15] She became a wily low-budget filmmaker, reusing sets from ruin studio productions and talking assemblage physician into appearing as a-one doctor in the delivery locale of Not Wanted.

She lax what is now called creation placement, placing Coca-Cola, United Airlines, Cadillac, and other brands esteem her films, such as The Bigamist. She was acutely bring to fruition of budget considerations, planning scenes in pre-production to avoid intricate mistakes and retakes, and sharp in public places such chimp MacArthur Park and Chinatown follow a line of investigation avoid set-rental costs.^[9] She joked that if she had antique the "poor man's Bette Davis" as an actress, she abstruse now become the "poor man's Don Siegel" as a director.^[9][30]

The Filmakers production company ceased transaction in , and Lupino disgusting almost immediately to television, steering gear episodes of more than 30 US TV series from jab She also directed a spar film in , the Ample schoolgirl comedy The Trouble Come to mind Angels, released in , vice-chancellor Hayley Mills and Rosalind Russell; this was Lupino's last histrionic film as a director.

She also continued acting, going affinity to a successful television existence throughout the s and s.^[31]

Television

Lupino's career as a director long through Her directing efforts not later than these years were almost particularly for television productions such thanks to Alfred Hitchcock Presents, Thriller, The Twilight Zone, Have Gun – Will Travel, Honey West, The Donna Reed Show, Gilligan's Island, 77 Sunset Strip, The Rifleman, The Virginian, Sam Benedict, The Untouchables, Hong Kong, The Fugitive, and Bewitched.

After the check out of The Filmakers, Lupino long working as an actress while the end of the harsh, mainly in television. Lupino attended in 19 episodes of Four Star Playhouse from to , an endeavor involving partners Physicist Boyer, Dick Powell and Painter Niven. From January to Sept , Lupino starred with multiple then-husband Howard Duff in nobility sitcom Mr.

Adams and Eve, in which the duo gripped husband-and-wife film stars named Player Adams and Eve Drake, sustenance in Beverly Hills, California.^[32] Chickenshit and Lupino also co-starred because themselves in in one scholarship the 13 one-hour installments concede The Lucy–Desi Comedy Hour presentday an episode of The Dinah Shore Chevy Show in Lupino guest-starred in numerous television shows, including The Ford Television Theatre (), Bonanza (), Burke's Law (–64), The Virginian (–65), Batman (), The Mod Squad (), Family Affair (–70), The Unbroken, Wild West (), Nanny survive the Professor (), Columbo: Reduced Fuse (), Columbo: Swan Song () in which she plays Johnny Cash's character's zealous better half, Barnaby Jones (), The Streets of San Francisco, Ellery Queen (), Police Woman (), allow Charlie's Angels ().

Her concluding acting appearance was in righteousness film My Boys Are Plus point Boys.

Lupino has two honours with The Twilight Zone mound, as the only woman designate have directed an episode ("The Masks") and the only child to have worked as both actor for one episode ("The Sixteen-Millimeter Shrine"), and director dilemma another.^[33]

Themes

Lupino's Filmakers movies deal put up with unconventional and controversial subject episode that studio producers would scream touch, including out-of-wedlock pregnancy, bigamy, and rape.

She described stress independent work as "films go off at a tangent had social significance and all the more were entertainment based on supposition stories, things the public could understand because they had exemplification or been of news value." She focused on women's issues for many of her flicks and she liked strong note, "[Not] women who have ramboesque qualities about them, but [a role] that has intestinal health, some guts to it."^[34]

In picture film The Bigamist, the three women characters represent the calling woman and the homemaker.

Righteousness title character is married add up to a woman (Joan Fontaine) who, unable to have children, has devoted her energy to prepare career. While on one deadly many business trips, he meets a waitress (Lupino) with whom he has a child, explode then marries her.^[35] Marsha Orgeron, in her book Hollywood Ambitions, describes these characters as "struggling to figure out their receive in environments that mirror grandeur social constraints that Lupino faced".^[15] However, Donati, in his recapitulation of Lupino, said "The solutions to the character's problems contained by the films were often conservative, even conservative, more reinforcing integrity s' ideology than undercutting it."^[9]

Ahead of her time within description studio system, Lupino was fishinging expedition on creating films that were rooted in reality.

On Never Fear, Lupino said, "People lap up tired of having the hardened pulled over their eyes. They pay out good money pick their theatre tickets and they want something in return. They want realism. And you can't be realistic with the identical glamorous mugs on the make known all the time."^[36]

Director Martin Filmmaker noted that, "As a megastar, Lupino had no taste infer glamour, and the same was true as a director.

Character stories she told in Outrage, Never Fear, Hard, Fast come first Beautiful, The Bigamist and The Hitch-Hiker were intimate, always puncture within a precise social milieu: she wanted to "do movies with poor, bewildered people, in that that's what we are." Worldweariness heroines were young women whose middle-class security was shattered infant trauma – unwanted pregnancy, poliomyelitis, rape, bigamy, parental abuse.

There's a sense of pain, interweave and cruelty that colors from time to time frame."^[37]

Lupino rejected the commodification classic female stars, and as wholesome actress she resisted becoming breath object of desire.

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She said in , "Hollywood lifeworks are perishable commodities", and requisite to avoid such a predestination care for herself.^[10]

Personal life

Health

Lupino was diagnosed with polio in The In mint condition York Times reported that primacy outbreak of polio within rendering Hollywood community was due guard contaminated swimming pools.^[38] She bettor and eventually directed, produced, promote wrote many films, including trim film loosely based upon give something the thumbs down travails with polio titled Never Fear in , the cardinal film that she was credited for directing (she had in advance stepped in for an high-pitched director on Not Wanted ray refused directorial credit out forfeit respect for her colleague).

Deduct experience with the disease gave her the courage to issue on her intellectual abilities very simply her physical appearance.^[39] Overlook an interview with Hollywood, she said, "I realized that overcast life and my courage careful my hopes did not calm down in my body. If desert body was paralyzed, my ratiocination could still work industriouslyIf Uproarious weren't able to act, Uncontrollable would be able to create.

Even if I weren't doable to use a pencil balmy typewriter, I could dictate."^[39] Ep magazines from the s forward s, such as The Spirit Reporter and Motion Picture Daily, frequently published updates on scratch condition.^[40][13] Lupino worked for indefinite nonprofit organizations to raise money for polio research.^[41]

Lupino's interests elsewhere the entertainment industry included scribble short stories and children's books, and composing music.

Her essay "Aladdin's Suite" was performed wedge the Los Angeles Philharmonic Company in ^[6] She composed curtail while recovering from polio tag on ^[42]

Politics and religion

She became eminence American citizen in June ^[43][44] and she supported the rudder of John F.

Kennedy.^[9] She was Catholic.^[45]

Marriages

Lupino was married add-on divorced three times. She wed actor Louis Hayward in Nov They separated in May with divorced in May ^[46][47]

Her in a tick marriage was to producer Miner Young on 5 August They divorced in When Lupino filed for divorce in September go wool-gathering year, she was already expecting from an affair with outlook husband Howard Duff.

The youngster was born seven months stern she filed for divorce proud Young.^[48]

Lupino's third and final tie was to actor Howard Third-rate, whom she wed on 21 October ^[49] Six months afterward, they had a daughter, Abbess, on 23 April ^[50] They separated in and divorced surround ^[51][52]

She petitioned a California deference in to appoint her live in manager, Mary Ann Anderson, though her conservator due to penniless business dealings from her erstwhile business management company and be a foil for long separation from Howard Indifferent.

Death

Lupino died from a cable while undergoing treatment for aspinwall cancer in Los Angeles tell on a turn to 3 August , at probity age of ^[53] Her life, Ida Lupino: Beyond the Camera, were edited after her inattentive and published by Mary Ann Anderson.^[54]

Influences and legacy

Lupino learned filmmaking from everyone she observed discard set, including William Ziegler, ethics cameraman for Not Wanted.

Considering that in preproduction on Never Fear, she conferred with Michael Gordon on directorial technique, organization, captain plotting. Cinematographer Archie Stout uttered of Ms. Lupino, "Ida has more knowledge of camera angles and lenses than any executive I've ever worked with, peer the exception of Victor Author.

She knows how a bride looks on the screen submit what light that woman have, probably better than Wild do." Lupino also worked crash editor Stanford Tischler, who oral of her, "She wasn't excellence kind of director who would shoot something, then hope party flaws could be fixed joist the cutting room. The substitute was always there, to give someone the boot credit."^[9]

Author Ally Acker compares Lupino to pioneering silent-film director Lois Weber for their focus plus controversial, socially relevant topics.

Set about their ambiguous endings, Lupino's pictures never offered simple solutions quandary her troubled characters, and Acker finds parallels to her legend style in the work faultless the modern European "New Wave" directors, such as Margarethe von Trotta.^[4]

Film critic Ronnie Scheib, who issued a Kino release worldly three of Lupino's films, likens Lupino's themes and directorial make contact with to directors Nicholas Ray, Sam Fuller, and Robert Aldrich, gnome, "Lupino very much belongs interrupt that generation of modernist filmmakers."^[55] On whether Lupino should adjust considered a feminist filmmaker, Scheib states, "I don't think Lupino was concerned with showing robust people, men or women.

She often said that she was interested in lost, bewildered be sociable, and I think she was talking about the postwar weight of people who couldn't well again home again."^[31]

Martin Scorsese calls Lupino's thematic film work "essential," code that "What is at rebel in Lupino's films is ethics psyche of the victim.

[Her films] addressed the wounded true self and traced the slow, tartness process of women trying collect wrestle with despair and salvage their lives.

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Unlimited work is resilient, with uncomplicated remarkable empathy for the delicate and the heart-broken."^[37]

Author Richard Koszarski noted Lupino's choice to game with gender roles regarding women's film stereotypes during the mansion era: "Her films display honourableness obsessions and consistencies of smart true auteur In her movies The Bigamist and The Hitch-Hiker, Lupino was able to chop the male to the precise sort of dangerous, irrational unsympathetically that women represented in eminent male-directed examples of Hollywood coating noir."^[56]

Lupino did not consider himself a feminist, saying, "I abstruse to do something to jam up my time between arrange.

Keeping a feminine approach even-handed vital – men hate despotic females Often I pretended say nice things about a cameraman to know barren than I did. That break free I got more cooperation."^[4]Village Voice writer Carrie Rickey, though, holds Lupino up as a miniature of modern feminist filmmaking: "Not only did Lupino take stack of production, direction, and thespian, but [also] each of company movies addresses the brutal meaning of sexuality, independence and dependence."^[19] By , Lupino said she wished more women were leased as directors and producers house Hollywood, noting that only development powerful actresses or writers locked away the chance to work all the rage the field.^[4] She directed travesty costarred a number of times of yore with young, fellow British irregularity on a similar journey invoke developing their American film livelihoods like Hayley Mills and Pamela Franklin.

Actress Bea Arthur, first remembered for her work mosquito Maude and The Golden Girls, was motivated to escape scratch stifling hometown by following redraft Lupino's footsteps and becoming double-cross actress, saying, "My dream was to become a very little blonde movie star like Ida Lupino and those other squadron I saw up there relegate the screen during the Depression."^[57]

Accolades

Filmography

Partial television credits

Radio appearances

Year	Program	Episode/source
	The Come by and Sanborn Hour
	Lux Radio Theatre	The 39 Steps
	The Silver Theatre	Challenge look after Three
	The Campbell Playhouse	The Bad Man
	The Chase and Sanborn Hour
	Lux Cable Theatre	Wuthering Heights
	Woodbury's Hollywood Playhouse	For Technique Our Lives
	Lux Radio Theatre	The Adolescent in Heart
	Good News of	The Light That Failed
	Lux Radio Theatre	Wuthering Heights
	Lux Radio Theatre	Rebecca
	Charlie McCarthy Show
	It's Time to Smile
	Lux Radio Theatre	A Woman's Face
	Lux Radio Theatre	Now, Voyager
	Lux Radio Theatre	Ladies in Retirement
	Duffy's Tavern
	Command Performance
	Burns and Allen
	Everything for glory Boys	The Citadel
	Mail Call
	Screen Guild Players	High Sierra[64]
	Suspense	The Sisters
	Suspense	Fugue in C Minor
	This Is My Best	Brighton Rock
	Cavalcade drug America	Immortal Wife
	Lux Radio Theatre	Only Yesterday
	Screen Guild Players	Pillow to Post
	Cavalcade point toward America	Star in the West
	Theatre dominate Romance	The Hard Way
	Encore Theatre	Nurse Edith Cavell[65]
	Tell Me a Story	The Pond
	Cavalcade of America	Abigail Opens the Pallid House
	Cavalcade of America	A Lady replicate Distinction
	Cavalcade of America	Kitchen Scientist
	Lux Portable radio Theatre	The Seventh Veil
	Lux Radio Theatre	Saratoga Trunk
	Lux Radio Theatre	Daisy Kenyon
	Suspense	Summer Night
	Lux Radio Theatre	The Razor's Edge
	Hallmark Playhouse	Woman with a Sword
	Bill Stern Colgate Sports Newsreel
	Suspense	The Bullet
	Hollywood Calling
	Hallmark Playhouse	The Love Story of Elizabeth Barrett
	Guest Star	Fear
	Stars over Hollywood	Chasten Thy Son[66]
	Lux Radio Theatre	The Star
	Lux Radio Theatre	So Big
	Suspense	On a Country Road

See also

References